Difference between revisions of "Quercus texana"
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 444. 1860.
Common names: Texas red oak Nuttall's oak
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer Quercus rubra var. texana (Buckley) Buckley Quercus shumardii var. texana (Buckley) Ashe
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
| − | |name= | + | |name=Quercus nuttallii |
|authority=E. J. Palmer | |authority=E. J. Palmer | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Quercus rubra var. texana | ||
|authority=(Buckley) Buckley | |authority=(Buckley) Buckley | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| + | |name=Quercus shumardii var. texana | ||
|authority=(Buckley) Ashe | |authority=(Buckley) Ashe | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Lobatae;Quercus texana | |hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Lobatae;Quercus texana | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> deciduous, to 25 m. <b>Bark</b> dark brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. <b>Twigs</b> red-brown to gray, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. <b>Terminal</b> buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. <b>Leaf</b> blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. <b>Acorns</b> biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.</span><!-- |
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|elevation=0-200 m | |elevation=0-200 m | ||
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ky.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;Tenn.;Tex. | |distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ky.;La.;Miss.;Mo.;Tenn.;Tex. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p>For many years the name Quercus texana was erroneously used for Q. buckleyi (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for Q. gravesii.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p>For many years the name <i>Quercus texana</i> was erroneously used for <i>Q. buckleyi</i> (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for <i>Q. gravesii</i>.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer var. cachensis E. J. Palmer was described as a small-fruited form (nuts 16-18 × 12-16 mm) from specimens collected in east-central Arkansas (E. J. Palmer 1937). Noting the similarity between Q. nuttallii var. cachensis and Q. palustris, Palmer discounted the possibility of the former being of hybrid origin because (1) he had not observed Q. palustris in the type locality, and (2) the leaves and buds of the former were essentially the same as in Q. nuttallii var. nuttallii.</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Quercus</i> nuttallii E. J. Palmer var. cachensis E. J. Palmer was described as a small-fruited form (nuts 16-18 × 12-16 mm) from specimens collected in east-central Arkansas (E. J. Palmer 1937). Noting the similarity between Q. nuttallii var. cachensis and <i>Q. palustris</i>, Palmer discounted the possibility of the former being of hybrid origin because (1) he had not observed <i>Q. palustris</i> in the type locality, and (2) the leaves and buds of the former were essentially the same as in Q. nuttallii <i></i>var.<i> nuttallii</i>.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>C. H. Muller (1942), on the other hand, argued that Quercus nuttallii was nothing more than a form [forma nuttallii (E. J. Palmer) C. H. Muller] of Q. palustris. This is a puzzling conclusion because it was based largely on the premise that Q. nuttallii occurred "...with the parent species throughout a large part of the latter's southern range (Mississippi to eastern Texas and southeastern Missouri)." The range of Q. palustris does not extend into Mississippi or eastern Texas, although its range does overlap that of Q. texana in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. E. J. Palmer (1948) and D. M. Hunt (1989) have suggested hybridization with Q. shumardii and Q. nigra, respectively. See L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon (1985) for an explanation of the nomenclatural confusion regarding this taxon.</p> | + | --><p>C. H. Muller (1942), on the other hand, argued that <i>Quercus</i> nuttallii was nothing more than a form [forma nuttallii (E. J. Palmer) C. H. Muller] of <i>Q. palustris</i>. This is a puzzling conclusion because it was based largely on the premise that Q. nuttallii occurred "...with the parent species throughout a large part of the latter's southern range (Mississippi to eastern Texas and southeastern Missouri)." The range of <i>Q. palustris</i> does not extend into Mississippi or eastern Texas, although its range does overlap that of <i>Q. texana</i> in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. E. J. Palmer (1948) and D. M. Hunt (1989) have suggested hybridization with <i>Q. shumardii</i> and <i>Q. nigra</i>, respectively. See L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon (1985) for an explanation of the nomenclatural confusion regarding this taxon.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
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name=Quercus texana | name=Quercus texana | ||
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|authority=Buckley | |authority=Buckley | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
|parent rank=section | |parent rank=section | ||
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Quercus nuttallii;Quercus rubra var. texana;Quercus shumardii var. texana |
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Fagaceae | |family=Fagaceae | ||
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|publication title=Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia | |publication title=Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia | ||
|publication year=1860 | |publication year=1860 | ||
| − | |special status=Endemic; | + | |special status=Endemic;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1167.xml |
|genus=Quercus | |genus=Quercus | ||
|section=Quercus sect. Lobatae | |section=Quercus sect. Lobatae | ||
|species=Quercus texana | |species=Quercus texana | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:46, 5 November 2020
Trees, deciduous, to 25 m. Bark dark brown with flat ridges divided by shallow fissures. Twigs red-brown to gray, 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diam., glabrous. Terminal buds gray to gray-brown, ovoid, 3-7 mm, glabrous or with scales somewhat ciliate at apex. Leaves: petiole 20-50 mm, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, 75-200 × 55-130 mm, base cuneate to almost truncate, often inequilateral, margins with 6-11 lobes and 9-24 awns, lobes oblong to distally expanded, rarely falcate, apex acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous except for conspicuous axillary tufts of tomentum, veins raised, adaxially planar, glabrous. Acorns biennial; cup thin (scale bases visible on inner surface), deeply goblet-shaped with pronounced constriction at base, 10-16 mm high × 15-22 mm wide, covering 1/3-1/2 nut, outer surface glabrous to sparsely puberulent, inner surface sparsely to uniformly pubescent, scale tips appressed, acute; nut broadly ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, 15-26 × 13-18 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent, scar diam. 8-13 mm, scar often orangish.
Phenology: Flowering spring.
Habitat: Flood plains and bottomlands
Elevation: 0-200 m
Distribution
Ala., Ark., Ill., Ky., La., Miss., Mo., Tenn., Tex.
Discussion
For many years the name Quercus texana was erroneously used for Q. buckleyi (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for Q. gravesii.
Quercus nuttallii E. J. Palmer var. cachensis E. J. Palmer was described as a small-fruited form (nuts 16-18 × 12-16 mm) from specimens collected in east-central Arkansas (E. J. Palmer 1937). Noting the similarity between Q. nuttallii var. cachensis and Q. palustris, Palmer discounted the possibility of the former being of hybrid origin because (1) he had not observed Q. palustris in the type locality, and (2) the leaves and buds of the former were essentially the same as in Q. nuttallii var. nuttallii.
C. H. Muller (1942), on the other hand, argued that Quercus nuttallii was nothing more than a form [forma nuttallii (E. J. Palmer) C. H. Muller] of Q. palustris. This is a puzzling conclusion because it was based largely on the premise that Q. nuttallii occurred "...with the parent species throughout a large part of the latter's southern range (Mississippi to eastern Texas and southeastern Missouri)." The range of Q. palustris does not extend into Mississippi or eastern Texas, although its range does overlap that of Q. texana in eastern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri. E. J. Palmer (1948) and D. M. Hunt (1989) have suggested hybridization with Q. shumardii and Q. nigra, respectively. See L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon (1985) for an explanation of the nomenclatural confusion regarding this taxon.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.