Difference between revisions of "Ranunculus acris"
Sp. Pl. 1: 554. 1753.
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GeoffLevin (talk | contribs) m (Fixed Nfld. and Labr. distribution to match map in printed version.) |
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|common_names=Renoncule âcre;bouton d'or | |common_names=Renoncule âcre;bouton d'or | ||
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
| + | |code=W2 | ||
| + | |label= | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
|code=F | |code=F | ||
| − | |label= | + | |label=Illustrated |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
}} | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
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|name=Ranunculus acris var. latisectus | |name=Ranunculus acris var. latisectus | ||
|authority=Beck | |authority=Beck | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Ranunculus;Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus;Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus;Ranunculus acris | |hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Ranunculus;Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus;Ranunculus sect. Ranunculus;Ranunculus acris | ||
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|habitat=Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields | |habitat=Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields | ||
|elevation=0-2300 m | |elevation=0-2300 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Largely Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands;Australia. | + | |distribution=Largely Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands;Australia. |
| + | |introduced=true | ||
|discussion=<p><i>Ranunculus acris</i> is variable in form and division of leaves, size of achene beak, and form of indument on the proximal stem. Most North American plants are weedy and have poorly differentiated caudices; these forms probably were introduced from Eurasia. Rhizomatous plants with large flowers (parenthetic measurements above) found in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and in Greenland are probably native. Aleutian populations of this form have been called <i>R. acris</i> <i></i>var.<i> frigidus</i> Regel or R. grandis Honda var. austrokurilensis (Tatewaki) H. Hara. Both names were originally applied to Asiatic plants, and their applicability to American specimens is open to question.</p><!-- | |discussion=<p><i>Ranunculus acris</i> is variable in form and division of leaves, size of achene beak, and form of indument on the proximal stem. Most North American plants are weedy and have poorly differentiated caudices; these forms probably were introduced from Eurasia. Rhizomatous plants with large flowers (parenthetic measurements above) found in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and in Greenland are probably native. Aleutian populations of this form have been called <i>R. acris</i> <i></i>var.<i> frigidus</i> Regel or R. grandis Honda var. austrokurilensis (Tatewaki) H. Hara. Both names were originally applied to Asiatic plants, and their applicability to American specimens is open to question.</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Some Native American tribes used <i>Ranunculus acris</i> as an analgesic, a dermatological or oral aid, an antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, and a sedative (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | --><p>Some Native American tribes used <i>Ranunculus acris</i> as an analgesic, a dermatological or oral aid, an antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, and a sedative (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Ranunculus acris | name=Ranunculus acris | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|habitat=Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields | |habitat=Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields | ||
|elevation=0-2300 m | |elevation=0-2300 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Largely Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands;Australia. | + | |distribution=Largely Greenland;St. Pierre and Miquelon;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Calif.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;South America;Eurasia;Pacific Islands;Australia. |
|introduced=true | |introduced=true | ||
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Sp. Pl. | |publication title=Sp. Pl. | ||
|publication year=1753 | |publication year=1753 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=W2;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_215.xml |
|genus=Ranunculus | |genus=Ranunculus | ||
|subgenus=Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus | |subgenus=Ranunculus subg. Ranunculus | ||
Latest revision as of 15:08, 29 February 2024
Stems erect from short caudex or rhizome, never rooting nodally, hispid, strigose, or glabrous, base not bulbous. Roots never tuberous. Basal leaf blades pentagonal in outline, deeply 3-5-parted, 1.8-5.2 × 2.7-9.8 cm, segments 1-2×-lobed or -parted, ultimate segments narrowly elliptic or oblong to lanceolate, margins toothed or lobulate, apex acute to rounded. Flowers: receptacle glabrous; sepals spreading, 4-6(-9) × 2-5 mm, hispid; petals 5, yellow, 8-11(-17) × 7-13 mm. Heads of achenes globose, 5-7(-10) mm wide; achenes 2-3 × 1.8-2.4 mm, glabrous, margin forming narrow rib 0.1-0.2 mm wide; beak persistent, deltate, usually with tip short or long, straight or curved, subulate, 0.2-1 mm. 2n = 14.
Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep).
Habitat: Meadows, stream banks, roadsides, and old fields
Elevation: 0-2300 m
Distribution
Introduced; Largely Greenland, St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., South America, Eurasia, Pacific Islands, Australia.
Discussion
Ranunculus acris is variable in form and division of leaves, size of achene beak, and form of indument on the proximal stem. Most North American plants are weedy and have poorly differentiated caudices; these forms probably were introduced from Eurasia. Rhizomatous plants with large flowers (parenthetic measurements above) found in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and in Greenland are probably native. Aleutian populations of this form have been called R. acris var. frigidus Regel or R. grandis Honda var. austrokurilensis (Tatewaki) H. Hara. Both names were originally applied to Asiatic plants, and their applicability to American specimens is open to question.
Some Native American tribes used Ranunculus acris as an analgesic, a dermatological or oral aid, an antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, and a sedative (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.