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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub orientation;shrub some measurement"><b>Shrubs,</b> decumbent to commonly trailing, 0.3–1 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem segment architecture;stem segment coloration;stem segment coloration;stem segment coloration;stem segment coloration;stem segment shape;stem segment shape;stem segment shape;stem segment shape;stem segment length;stem segment width;stem segment position;stem segment relief;stem segment pubescence"><b>Stem </b>segments not disarticulating, green to dark green, sometimes reddish under stress, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–25 × 7–20 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="areole count;areole shape;areole shape;areole shape;areole length;areole width">areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate to elliptic, 3–6 × 2–4 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="wool coloration;wool coloration;wool coloration;wool life cycle;wool coloration">wool tan to brown, aging grayish.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="spine atypical count;spine count;0-areole position or shape;0-areole count;0-areole count;0-areole coloration;0-areole coloration;0-areole coloration;0-areole course;0-areole course;0-areole architecture"><b>Spines </b>(0–) 2–8 per areole, at most areoles to only distal 1/4 of stem segment, or essentially absent, brown to white, straight, curved, or spirally twisted;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="central spine size;central spine orientation;central spine orientation;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine coloration;central spine shape;central spine shape;central spine some measurement">major central spines deflexed or spreading, brown to redbrown (to blackish), or partly to wholly gray to tan, subulate, usually flattened near base, 30–80 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="abaxial spine count;abaxial spine orientation;abaxial spine coloration;abaxial spine shape;abaxial spine height or length or size;abaxial spine some measurement">abaxial spines usually 1–3, deflexed, white, flattened, shorter, to 20 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="glochid density;glochid coloration;glochid coloration;glochid coloration;glochid some measurement"><b>Glochids </b>dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, tan to redbrown, to 5 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="inner tepal coloration;inner tepal some measurement;basal portion coloration"><b>Flowers:</b> inner tepals yellow with red basal portions (rarely entirely pink to red), 30–40 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration;filament coloration">filaments greenish basally, pale-yellow to white distally;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="anther coloration">anthers yellow;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="style coloration">style white;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration;stigma lobe coloration">stigma lobes green to yellow-green.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit coloration;fruit length or size;fruit architecture;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit shape;fruit length;fruit width;fruit texture;fruit pubescence;fruit architecture;flesh coloration"><b>Fruits </b>wine red to purple, with greenish flesh (sometimes reddish and ± juicy), not long stipitate, obovate to barrel-shaped, 30–50 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="areole count">areoles 18–24.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed diameter;seed shape;seed shape"><b>Seeds </b>tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., evidently notched, warped;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="girdle prominence;girdle some measurement;2n chromosome count">girdle protruding 1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 66.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> decumbent to commonly trailing, 0.3–1 m. <b>Stem</b> segments not disarticulating, green to dark green, sometimes reddish under stress, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–25 × 7–20 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate to elliptic, 3–6 × 2–4 mm; wool tan to brown, aging grayish. <b>Spines</b> (0–)2–8 per areole, at most areoles to only distal 1/4 of stem segment, or essentially absent, brown to white, straight, curved, or spirally twisted; major central spines deflexed or spreading, brown to red-brown (to blackish), or partly to wholly gray to tan, subulate, usually flattened near base, 30–80 mm; abaxial spines usually 1–3, deflexed, white, flattened, shorter, to 20 mm. <b>Glochids</b> dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, tan to red-brown, to 5 mm. <b>Flowers</b>: inner tepals yellow with red basal portions (rarely entirely pink to red), 30–40 mm; filaments greenish basally, pale yellow to white distally; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green to yellow-green. <b>Fruits</b> wine red to purple, with greenish flesh (sometimes reddish and ± juicy), not long stipitate, obovate to barrel-shaped, 30–50 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 18–24. <b>Seeds</b> tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., evidently notched, warped; girdle protruding 1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 66.</span><!-- |
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| | + | |phenology=Flowering late spring (Apr–Jul). |
| | |habitat=Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils | | |habitat=Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils |
| | |elevation=200-2100 m | | |elevation=200-2100 m |
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| | |basionyms= | | |basionyms= |
| | |family=Cactaceae | | |family=Cactaceae |
| | + | |phenology=Flowering late spring (Apr–Jul). |
| | |habitat=Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils | | |habitat=Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils |
| | |elevation=200-2100 m | | |elevation=200-2100 m |
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| | |publication year=1849 | | |publication year=1849 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_262.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_262.xml |
| | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae | | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae |
| | |genus=Opuntia | | |genus=Opuntia |
| | |species=Opuntia phaeacantha | | |species=Opuntia phaeacantha |
| − | |0-areole architecture=twisted
| |
| − | |0-areole coloration=brown;white
| |
| − | |0-areole count=absent;1/4
| |
| − | |0-areole course=curved;straight
| |
| − | |0-areole position or shape=distal
| |
| − | |2n chromosome count=66
| |
| − | |abaxial spine coloration=white
| |
| − | |abaxial spine count=1;3
| |
| − | |abaxial spine height or length or size=shorter
| |
| − | |abaxial spine orientation=deflexed
| |
| − | |abaxial spine shape=flattened
| |
| − | |abaxial spine some measurement=0mm;20mm
| |
| − | |anther coloration=yellow
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| − | |areole count=18;24
| |
| − | |areole length=3mm;6mm
| |
| − | |areole shape=obovate;elliptic
| |
| − | |areole width=2mm;4mm
| |
| − | |basal portion coloration=red
| |
| − | |central spine coloration=brown;redbrown or
| |
| − | |central spine orientation=spreading;deflexed
| |
| − | |central spine shape=flattened;subulate
| |
| − | |central spine size=major
| |
| − | |central spine some measurement=30mm;80mm
| |
| − | |filament coloration=pale-yellow;white
| |
| − | |flesh coloration=greenish
| |
| − | |fruit architecture=spineless;stipitate
| |
| − | |fruit coloration=wine red;purple
| |
| − | |fruit length=30mm;50mm
| |
| − | |fruit length or size=not long
| |
| − | |fruit pubescence=glabrous
| |
| − | |fruit shape=obovate;barrel-shaped
| |
| − | |fruit texture=fleshy
| |
| − | |fruit width=20mm;30mm
| |
| − | |girdle prominence=protruding
| |
| − | |girdle some measurement=1
| |
| − | |glochid coloration=tan;redbrown
| |
| − | |glochid density=dense
| |
| − | |glochid some measurement=0mm;5mm
| |
| − | |inner tepal coloration=yellow
| |
| − | |inner tepal some measurement=30mm;40mm
| |
| − | |seed coloration=tan
| |
| − | |seed diameter=4mm;5mm
| |
| − | |seed shape=warped;notched;subcircular
| |
| − | |shrub orientation=decumbent;commonly trailing
| |
| − | |shrub some measurement=0.3m;1m
| |
| − | |spine atypical count=0;2
| |
| − | |spine count=2;8
| |
| − | |stem segment architecture=not disarticulating
| |
| − | |stem segment coloration=reddish;green;dark green
| |
| − | |stem segment length=10cm;25cm
| |
| − | |stem segment position=low
| |
| − | |stem segment pubescence=glabrous
| |
| − | |stem segment relief=tuberculate
| |
| − | |stem segment shape=obovate;circular
| |
| − | |stem segment width=7cm;20cm
| |
| − | |stigma lobe coloration=green;yellow-green
| |
| − | |style coloration=white
| |
| − | |wool coloration=grayish;tan;brown
| |
| − | |wool life cycle=aging
| |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Opuntia]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Opuntia]] |
Shrubs, decumbent to commonly trailing, 0.3–1 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green to dark green, sometimes reddish under stress, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–25 × 7–20 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate to elliptic, 3–6 × 2–4 mm; wool tan to brown, aging grayish. Spines (0–)2–8 per areole, at most areoles to only distal 1/4 of stem segment, or essentially absent, brown to white, straight, curved, or spirally twisted; major central spines deflexed or spreading, brown to red-brown (to blackish), or partly to wholly gray to tan, subulate, usually flattened near base, 30–80 mm; abaxial spines usually 1–3, deflexed, white, flattened, shorter, to 20 mm. Glochids dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, tan to red-brown, to 5 mm. Flowers: inner tepals yellow with red basal portions (rarely entirely pink to red), 30–40 mm; filaments greenish basally, pale yellow to white distally; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green to yellow-green. Fruits wine red to purple, with greenish flesh (sometimes reddish and ± juicy), not long stipitate, obovate to barrel-shaped, 30–50 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 18–24. Seeds tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., evidently notched, warped; girdle protruding 1 mm. 2n = 66.
Phenology: Flowering late spring (Apr–Jul).
Habitat: Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils
Elevation: 200-2100 m
Distribution
Ariz., Calif., Colo., Kans., Nev., N.Mex., Okla., Tex., Utah, Mexico.
Discussion
Much of the material formerly assigned to varieties of Opuntia phaeacantha has been segregated as O. engelmannii. Various combinations of overlapping character states make separation of O. phaeacantha var. major from var. phaeacantha impractical. Presumably var. major comprises sprawling to erect shrubs with obovate stem segments bearing usually few darker colored spines (usually one to three) per areole, in the distal half of the stem segment or less, whereas plants of var. phaeacantha are trailing shrubs with narrowly obovate stem segments bearing more spines (usually three to ten) per areole throughout most to all of the stem segment. Recently some workers have applied O. camanchica Engelmann & Bigelow to those plants with the very dark colored spines and merged vars. major and phaeacantha. Distinctions among taxa are further blurred by hybridization of O. phaeacantha with O. engelmannii, yielding several named and unnamed hybrids, including O. wootonii Griffiths. Morphologic and genetic analyses of the populations are needed before correct names can be assigned to many of these plants with confidence.
Opuntia phaeacantha also hybridizes with O. aureispina (forming O. ×spinosibacca), O. ficus-indica, and O. littoralis (forming O. ×vaseyi), and members of the O. polyacantha complex, particularly near the regions of Grand Canyon and Four Corners.
Selected References
None.
