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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="herb duration;herb duration;herb duration;herb texture;herb relief;herb pubescence"><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, usually short-lived, succulent, usually conspicuously papillate, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="root texture"><b>Roots </b>fibrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation"><b>Stems </b>prostrate to ascending.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position;leaf arrangement;leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, sessile or petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="stipule count">stipules absent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade coloration;blade shape;blade shape;margin shape">blade reddish with age, flat or terete, margins often undulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence position;inflorescence position;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal or axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bract count;bract count;bract architecture;bract architecture">bracts absent or 1–2, sessile or pedicellate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower prominence;flower diameter;flower diameter;flower shape"><b>Flowers </b>showy, 4–10 [–20] mm diam., tubular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="calyx lobe atypical count;calyx lobe count;calyx lobe count;calyx lobe architecture or shape">calyx lobes (4–) 5, 2 often leaflike;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal atypical count;petal count;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal fusion;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal arrangement or course or shape;tube height or length or size">petals (including petaloid staminodia) 20–40 [–150], distinct or connate into short tube, free, white, pink, or yellowish, linear;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="nectary gland count">nectary glands 5;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen atypical count;stamen count">stamens 30 [–120];</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil architecture">pistil (4–) 5-carpellate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="">ovary half-inferior, (4–) 5-loculed, convex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovary position;ovary architecture;ovary shape;ovary placentation">placentation axile;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma atypical count;stigma count;stigma orientation;stigma shape">stigmas (4–) 5, erect, filiform.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="fruits capsule duration;valve atypical count;valve count;interior keel size;capsule lid character;capsule lid dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>capsules, persistent, valves (4–) 5, with expanding interior keels when moistened, forming capsule lids when dried, dehiscence loculicidal.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed count;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed pubescence or relief;edge count;edge course;tubercle size"><b>Seeds </b>100–200, black or dark [light] reddish-brown [ochre or whitish], compressed [globose], often with 1 straight edge, 1 mm, smooth to rough with minute tubercles;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="aril count">arils absent.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual or perennial, usually short-lived, succulent, usually conspicuously papillate, glabrous. <b>Roots</b> fibrous. <b>Stems</b> prostrate to ascending. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, sessile or petiolate; stipules absent; blade reddish with age, flat or terete, margins often undulate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts absent or 1–2, sessile or pedicellate. <b>Flowers</b> showy, 4–10[–20] mm diam., tubular; calyx lobes (4–) 5, 2 often leaflike; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 20–40[–150], distinct or connate into short tube, free, white, pink, or yellowish, linear; nectary glands 5; stamens 30[–120]; pistil (4–)5-carpellate; ovary half-inferior, (4–)5-loculed, convex; placentation axile; stigmas (4–)5, erect, filiform. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, persistent, valves (4–)5, with expanding interior keels when moistened, forming capsule lids when dried, dehiscence loculicidal. <b>Seeds</b> 100–200, black or dark [light] reddish brown [ochre or whitish], compressed [globose], often with 1 straight edge, 1 mm, smooth to rough with minute tubercles; arils absent.</span><!-- |
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| | |family=Aizoaceae | | |family=Aizoaceae |
| | |distribution=s;w Africa;also introduced in Mexico;South America;Europe (Mediterranean);Asia;Atlantic Islands;Australia. | | |distribution=s;w Africa;also introduced in Mexico;South America;Europe (Mediterranean);Asia;Atlantic Islands;Australia. |
| | + | |introduced=true |
| | |reference=None | | |reference=None |
| | |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. | | |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. |
| | |publication year=1753;1754 | | |publication year=1753;1754 |
| | |special status= | | |special status= |
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V4/V4_174.xml | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_174.xml |
| | |genus=Mesembryanthemum | | |genus=Mesembryanthemum |
| − | |aril count=absent
| |
| − | |blade coloration=reddish
| |
| − | |blade shape=terete;flat
| |
| − | |bract architecture=pedicellate;sessile
| |
| − | |bract count=1;2
| |
| − | |calyx lobe architecture or shape=leaflike
| |
| − | |calyx lobe atypical count=4;5
| |
| − | |calyx lobe count=2;5
| |
| − | |capsule lid character=dehiscence
| |
| − | |capsule lid dehiscence=loculicidal
| |
| − | |edge count=1
| |
| − | |edge course=straight
| |
| − | |flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=in cymes;solitary
| |
| − | |flower diameter=4mm;10mm
| |
| − | |flower prominence=showy
| |
| − | |flower shape=tubular
| |
| − | |fruits capsule duration=persistent
| |
| − | |herb duration=short-lived;perennial;annual
| |
| − | |herb pubescence=glabrous
| |
| − | |herb relief=papillate
| |
| − | |herb texture=succulent
| |
| − | |inflorescence position=axillary;terminal
| |
| − | |interior keel size=expanding
| |
| − | |leaf architecture=petiolate;sessile
| |
| − | |leaf arrangement=opposite;alternate
| |
| − | |leaf position=cauline;basal
| |
| − | |margin shape=undulate
| |
| − | |nectary gland count=5
| |
| − | |ovary architecture=(4-)5-loculed
| |
| − | |ovary placentation=axile
| |
| − | |ovary position=half-inferior
| |
| − | |ovary shape=convex
| |
| − | |petal arrangement or course or shape=linear
| |
| − | |petal atypical count=40;150
| |
| − | |petal coloration=yellowish;pink;yellowish;pink;white
| |
| − | |petal count=20;40
| |
| − | |petal fusion=free;connate;distinct
| |
| − | |pistil architecture=(4-)5-carpellate
| |
| − | |root texture=fibrous
| |
| − | |seed coloration=dark reddish-brown;black
| |
| − | |seed count=100;200
| |
| − | |seed pubescence or relief=smooth to rough
| |
| − | |seed shape=compressed
| |
| − | |seed some measurement=1
| |
| − | |stamen atypical count=30;120
| |
| − | |stamen count=30
| |
| − | |stem orientation=prostrate;ascending
| |
| − | |stigma atypical count=4;5
| |
| − | |stigma count=5
| |
| − | |stigma orientation=erect
| |
| − | |stigma shape=filiform
| |
| − | |stipule count=absent
| |
| − | |tube height or length or size=short
| |
| − | |tubercle size=minute
| |
| − | |valve atypical count=4;5
| |
| − | |valve count=5
| |
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| | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Aizoaceae]] | | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Aizoaceae]] |
Herbs, annual or perennial, usually short-lived, succulent, usually conspicuously papillate, glabrous. Roots fibrous. Stems prostrate to ascending. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate or opposite, sessile or petiolate; stipules absent; blade reddish with age, flat or terete, margins often undulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, flowers solitary or in cymes; bracts absent or 1–2, sessile or pedicellate. Flowers showy, 4–10[–20] mm diam., tubular; calyx lobes (4–) 5, 2 often leaflike; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 20–40[–150], distinct or connate into short tube, free, white, pink, or yellowish, linear; nectary glands 5; stamens 30[–120]; pistil (4–)5-carpellate; ovary half-inferior, (4–)5-loculed, convex; placentation axile; stigmas (4–)5, erect, filiform. Fruits capsules, persistent, valves (4–)5, with expanding interior keels when moistened, forming capsule lids when dried, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 100–200, black or dark [light] reddish brown [ochre or whitish], compressed [globose], often with 1 straight edge, 1 mm, smooth to rough with minute tubercles; arils absent.
Distribution
s, w Africa, also introduced in Mexico, South America, Europe (Mediterranean), Asia, Atlantic Islands, Australia.
Discussion
Species 74 (2 in the flora).
As described here, Mesembryanthemum is the narrowly delineated genus sensu H. M. L. Bolus (1928–1958, part 3, p. 164, fig. 25).
The ability of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and M. nodiflorum to accumulate and release salt into the surrounding soil is one mechanism by which these species dominate disturbed areas (N. J. Vivrette and C. H. Muller 1977; N. J. Vivrette 1980).
Selected References
None.