Difference between revisions of "Magnoliaceae"

Jussieu
Common names: Composite Family
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment on page 3.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;tree duration;tree odor;shrub duration;shrub duration;shrub odor"><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, aromatic.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="pith variability;pith architecture"><b>Pith </b>homogeneous or diaphragmed.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;leaf architecture;leaf architecture"><b>Leaves </b>alternate, simple, petiolate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="stipule duration;stipule fusion;stem position relational;scar duration;scar shape">stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in Magnolia grandiflora), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture;leaf-blade shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron), margins entire.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="inflorescence position or structure subtype;flower architecture or arrangement or growth form;flower architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>terminal, solitary flowers (often paired in Magnolia ashei), pedunculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="beak architecture;beak quantity;beak quantity">spathaceous bracts 2 (Magnolia) or 1 (Liriodendron).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="perianth position;segment arrangement"><b>Flowers:</b> perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="tepal duration;tepal quantity;tepal quantity;outer tepal architecture;inner tepal architecture">tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid, inner tepals petaloid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="stamen quantity;stamen position;stamen fusion;stamen arrangement">stamens numerous, hypogynous, free, spirally arranged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="filament height or length or size;filament length">filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence;anther dehiscence">anthers introrse, latrorse, or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="">connective with distal appendage;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil position;pistil arrangement;pistil architecture;pistil architecture;pistil fusion;pistil fusion;pistil architecture or structure in adjective form;receptacle shape">pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="flower placentation;placenta quantity">placentation marginal, placenta 1;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="ovule quantity">ovules 1-2;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="style quantity;style height or length or size;style orientation;style size;style architecture or shape">style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia) or large and winglike (Liriodendron);</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="stigma quantity;stigma position or structure subtype;stigma position or structure subtype;stigma shape;stigma orientation">stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia) or recurved (Liriodendron).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="syncarp shape;follicle fusion;follicle texture;samara dehiscence"><b>Fruits </b>conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent, woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s19" data-properties="seed quantity;seed architecture;endosperm coating;endosperm fusion;endocarp condition or texture"><b>Seeds </b>1-2 per pistil, arillate, endosperm oily (Magnolia), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp (Liriodendron).</span><!--
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, aromatic. <b>Pith</b> homogeneous or diaphragmed. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, simple, petiolate; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in Magnolia grandiflora), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node. <b>Leaf</b> blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron), margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, solitary flowers (often paired in Magnolia ashei), pedunculate; spathaceous bracts 2 (Magnolia) or 1 (Liriodendron). <b>Flowers</b>: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid, inner tepals petaloid; stamens numerous, hypogynous, free, spirally arranged; filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers; anthers introrse, latrorse, or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; connective with distal appendage; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal, placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia) or large and winglike (Liriodendron); stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia) or recurved (Liriodendron). <b>Fruits</b> conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent, woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron). <b>Seeds</b> 1-2 per pistil, arillate, endosperm oily (Magnolia), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp (Liriodendron).</span><!--
  
 
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|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere
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|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere.
 
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora).</p><!--
 
--><p>Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.</p><!--
 
--><p>Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.</p><!--
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|family=Magnoliaceae
 
|family=Magnoliaceae
 
|illustrator=John Myers
 
|illustrator=John Myers
|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere
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|distribution=Mostly in Asia;the Pacific Islands;and the Western Hemisphere.
 
|reference=canright1960a;demuth1978a;hardin1989a;nooteboom1985a;praglowski1974a;sargent1890a;spongberg1976a;wood1958a
 
|reference=canright1960a;demuth1978a;hardin1989a;nooteboom1985a;praglowski1974a;sargent1890a;spongberg1976a;wood1958a
 
|publication title=
 
|publication title=
 
|publication year=
 
|publication year=
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_228.xml
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|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_228.xml
|anther dehiscence=dehiscent;extrorse;latrorse;extrorse;latrorse;introrse
 
|beak architecture=spathaceous
 
|beak quantity=1;2
 
|endocarp condition or texture=dry
 
|endosperm coating=oily
 
|endosperm fusion=adherent
 
|filament height or length or size=short
 
|filament length=0 length of anthers;1/2 length of anthers
 
|flower architecture=pedunculate
 
|flower architecture or arrangement or growth form=solitary
 
|flower placentation=marginal
 
|follicle fusion=coalescent
 
|follicle texture=woody
 
|inflorescence position or structure subtype=terminal
 
|inner tepal architecture=petaloid
 
|leaf architecture=petiolate;simple
 
|leaf arrangement=alternate
 
|leaf-blade architecture=veined
 
|leaf-blade shape=unlobed
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire
 
|outer tepal architecture=sepaloid
 
|ovule quantity=1;2
 
|perianth position=hypogynous
 
|pistil architecture=sessile;stalked
 
|pistil architecture or structure in adjective form=1-locular
 
|pistil arrangement=arranged
 
|pistil fusion=concrescent;free
 
|pistil position=superior
 
|pistil quantity=numerous
 
|pith architecture=diaphragmed
 
|pith variability=homogeneous
 
|placenta quantity=1
 
|receptacle shape=elongate
 
|samara dehiscence=indehiscent
 
|scar duration=persistent
 
|scar shape=annular
 
|seed architecture=arillate
 
|seed quantity=1;2
 
|segment arrangement=imbricate
 
|shrub duration=evergreen;deciduous
 
|shrub odor=aromatic
 
|stamen arrangement=arranged
 
|stamen fusion=free
 
|stamen position=hypogynous
 
|stamen quantity=numerous
 
|stem position relational=surrounding
 
|stigma orientation=recurved
 
|stigma position or structure subtype=terminal;terminal
 
|stigma quantity=1
 
|stigma shape=decurrent
 
|stipule duration=deciduous
 
|stipule fusion=adnate
 
|style architecture or shape=winglike
 
|style height or length or size=short
 
|style orientation=recurved
 
|style quantity=1
 
|style size=large
 
|syncarp shape=conelike
 
|tepal duration=deciduous
 
|tepal quantity=3;6;18
 
|tree duration=evergreen;deciduous
 
|tree odor=aromatic
 
 
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Revision as of 13:36, 27 July 2019

Trees or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, aromatic. Pith homogeneous or diaphragmed. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate; stipules early or tardily deciduous, at first surrounding stem, adnate on adaxial side of petiole (free in Magnolia grandiflora), often ochreate, leaving persistent annular scar around node. Leaf blade pinnately veined, unlobed (or evenly 2-10-lobed in Liriodendron), margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, solitary flowers (often paired in Magnolia ashei), pedunculate; spathaceous bracts 2 (Magnolia) or 1 (Liriodendron). Flowers: perianth hypogynous, segments imbricate; tepals deciduous, 6-18, in 3 or more whorls of 3, ± similar or outer tepals sepaloid, inner tepals petaloid; stamens numerous, hypogynous, free, spirally arranged; filaments very short to 1/2 length of anthers; anthers introrse, latrorse, or extrorse, longitudinally dehiscent; connective with distal appendage; pistils numerous, superior, spirally arranged on elongate receptacle (torus), stalked or sessile, free or ±concrescent, 1-locular; placentation marginal, placenta 1; ovules 1-2; style 1, short and recurved (Magnolia) or large and winglike (Liriodendron); stigma 1, terminal or terminal decurrent (Magnolia) or recurved (Liriodendron). Fruits conelike syncarps consisting of aggregates of coalescent, woody follicles (follicetums, as in Magnolia) or apocarps consisting of aggregates of indehiscent samaras (samaracetums, as in Liriodendron). Seeds 1-2 per pistil, arillate, endosperm oily (Magnolia), or without aril, adherent to dry endocarp (Liriodendron).

Distribution

Mostly in Asia, the Pacific Islands, and the Western Hemisphere.

Discussion

Genera ca. 6(-12), species ca. 220 (2 genera, 9 species in the flora).

Magnoliaceae are pollinated by beetles.

Herbarium material of Magnolia is usually incomplete and inadequate for critical study. Collections should include material of the stipules, spathaceous bracts, a full complement of stamens, and all of the perianth segments to facilitate identification of Magnolia species.

Lower Taxa

Key

1 Leaf blade entire, base deeply cordate or auriculate, or cuneate to abruptly narrowed or rounded, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate; stipules adnate on petiole or rarely free, early deciduous; tepals petaloid, usually spreading, creamy white, rarely greenish or yellow to orange-yellow, outermost tepals sepaloid, sometimes reflexed, greenish; anthers introrse or latrorse; follicles persistent, coalescent; seeds with brightly colored aril, extruded from follicles and suspended by funiculi. Magnolia
1 Leaf blade evenly 2-10-lobed, base rounded to shallowly cordate or truncate, apex broadly truncate or notched; stipules free, erect, leafy, tardily deciduous; tepals petaloid, tip recurved, greenish yellow with feathered orange band near base, outermost tepals sepaloid, reflexed, green; anthers extrorse; samaras caducous, forming elongate spindle-shaped dry cone, indehiscent; seeds without aril, adherent to dry endocarp. Liriodendron
... more about "Magnoliaceae"
Frederick G. Meyer +
Jussieu +
Composite Family +
Mostly in Asia +, the Pacific Islands +  and and the Western Hemisphere. +
canright1960a +, demuth1978a +, hardin1989a +, nooteboom1985a +, praglowski1974a +, sargent1890a +, spongberg1976a +  and wood1958a +
Magnoliaceae +