Difference between revisions of "Cimicifuga americana"

Michaux

Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 316. 1803.

Common names: American bugbane
EndemicSelected by author to be illustrated
Synonyms: Cimicifuga cordifolia PurshCimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia (Pursh) A. Gray
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem some measurement;stem pubescence;stem pubescence"><b>Stems </b>60-250 cm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="petiole shape;petiole some measurement;petiole architecture;petiole pubescence;hair quantity;hair architecture or arrangement"><b>Leaves:</b> petiole rounded abaxially, 8-16 cm, broadly and shallowly grooved adaxially, glabrous, rarely with a few lax hairs in groove.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf-blade architecture"><b>Leaf-</b>blade (2-) 3-ternately compound;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaflet quantity">leaflets 32-100;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="terminal; segment leaflet shape;terminal; segment leaflet shape;terminal; segment leaflet shape;terminal; segment leaflet shape;terminal; segment leaflet length;terminal; segment leaflet width;vein quantity;vein orientation;base shape;base shape;margin shape or architecture;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">terminal leaflet of central segment ovate to oblong, incisely 3-lobed, 6-15 × 4-14 cm, with 3 veins arising basally, base cuneate to somewhat cordate, margins dentate to serrate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;leaflet length;leaflet width">other leaflets 3-15 × 3-10 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="panicle architecture or arrangement;panicle some measurement;branch quantity;branch arrangement"><b>Inflorescences </b>± lax panicles of 3-10 racemelike branches, 10-50 cm, densely short-pubescent and granular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="bract quantity;bract shape;bract shape;bract some measurement">bract 1, subtending pedicel, broadly triangular, acute, 1-3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel some measurement;pedicel pubescence or relief or texture;bracteole presence;bracteole shape;bracteole shape">pedicel to 20 mm, granular, bracteoles present along most of pedicel, narrowly triangular, acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="sepal quantity;sepal quantity;outer sepal coloration;outer sepal coloration;outer sepal quantity;inner sepal coloration"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals 5, 3 outer white tinged red, 2 inner yellowish green;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="petal quantity;petal architecture;body coloration;body shape;body some measurement;lobe coloration">petals usually 2, rarely more, sessile, body yellowish with white lobes, ovate, 3-6 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="nectary position">nectary basal;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="stamen quantity">stamens 40-70;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="filament some measurement">filaments 6-10 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="pistil quantity;pistil architecture;body pubescence;stipe pubescence or relief or texture">pistils 3-8, short-stipitate, body glabrous, stipe granular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="style shape;style course">style subulate, often curved;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="stigma size;stigma width">stigma minute, 0.2 mm wide.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s17" data-properties="follicle quantity;follicle architecture;follicle shape;follicle shape;follicle some measurement;follicle texture;follicle architecture;follicle pubescence"><b>Follicles </b>2-4, stipitate, obovate, laterally compressed, 8-17 mm, membranous walled, glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s18" data-properties="seed coloration;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed shape;scale coloration;scale width;scale shape"><b>Seeds </b>pale-brown, lenticular, ca. 3.5 mm, covered with whitish, broad, lacerate scales but not apprearing cylindric.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>60-250 cm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole rounded abaxially, 8-16 cm, broadly and shallowly grooved adaxially, glabrous, rarely with a few lax hairs in groove. <b>Leaf</b> blade (2-)3-ternately compound; leaflets 32-100; terminal leaflet of central segment ovate to oblong, incisely 3-lobed, 6-15 × 4-14 cm, with 3 veins arising basally, base cuneate to somewhat cordate, margins dentate to serrate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate; other leaflets 3-15 × 3-10 cm. <b>Inflorescences</b> ± lax panicles of 3-10 racemelike branches, 10-50 cm, densely short-pubescent and granular; bract 1, subtending pedicel, broadly triangular, acute, 1-3 mm; pedicel to 20 mm, granular, bracteoles present along most of pedicel, narrowly triangular, acute. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals 5, 3 outer white tinged red, 2 inner yellowish green; petals usually 2, rarely more, sessile, body yellowish with white lobes, ovate, 3-6 mm; nectary basal; stamens 40-70; filaments 6-10 mm; pistils 3-8, short-stipitate, body glabrous, stipe granular; style subulate, often curved; stigma minute, 0.2 mm wide. <b>Follicles</b> 2-4, stipitate, obovate, laterally compressed, 8-17 mm, membranous walled, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> pale brown, lenticular, ca. 3.5 mm, covered with whitish, broad, lacerate scales but not apprearing cylindric.</span><!--
  
 
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|publication year=1803
 
|publication year=1803
 
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
 
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_1126.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1126.xml
 
|genus=Cimicifuga
 
|genus=Cimicifuga
 
|species=Cimicifuga americana
 
|species=Cimicifuga americana
|apex shape=acute;acuminate
 
|base shape=cordate;cuneate to somewhat
 
|body coloration=yellowish
 
|body pubescence=glabrous
 
|body shape=ovate
 
|body some measurement=3mm;6mm
 
|bract quantity=1
 
|bract shape=acute;triangular
 
|bract some measurement=1mm;3mm
 
|bracteole presence=absent
 
|bracteole shape=acute;triangular
 
|branch arrangement=raceme-like
 
|branch quantity=3;10
 
|filament some measurement=6mm;10mm
 
|follicle architecture=walled;stipitate
 
|follicle pubescence=glabrous
 
|follicle quantity=2;4
 
|follicle shape=compressed;obovate
 
|follicle some measurement=8mm;17mm
 
|follicle texture=membranous
 
|hair architecture or arrangement=lax
 
|hair quantity=few
 
|inner sepal coloration=yellowish green
 
|leaf-blade architecture=compound
 
|leaflet length=3cm;15cm
 
|leaflet quantity=32;100
 
|leaflet width=3cm;10cm
 
|lobe coloration=white
 
|margin shape or architecture=dentate to serrate
 
|nectary position=basal
 
|outer sepal coloration=red;white tinged
 
|outer sepal quantity=2
 
|panicle architecture or arrangement=lax
 
|panicle some measurement=10cm;50cm
 
|pedicel pubescence or relief or texture=granular
 
|pedicel some measurement=0mm;20mm
 
|petal architecture=sessile
 
|petal quantity=2
 
|petiole architecture=grooved
 
|petiole pubescence=glabrous
 
|petiole shape=rounded
 
|petiole some measurement=8cm;16cm
 
|pistil architecture=short-stipitate
 
|pistil quantity=3;8
 
|scale coloration=whitish
 
|scale shape=lacerate
 
|scale width=broad
 
|seed coloration=pale-brown
 
|seed shape=not cylindric;lenticular
 
|seed some measurement=3.5
 
|sepal quantity=3;5
 
|stamen quantity=40;70
 
|stem pubescence=pubescent;glabrous
 
|stem some measurement=60cm;250cm
 
|stigma size=minute
 
|stigma width=0.2
 
|stipe pubescence or relief or texture=granular
 
|style course=curved
 
|style shape=subulate
 
|surface pubescence=glabrate;glabrous
 
|terminal; segment leaflet length=6cm;15cm
 
|terminal; segment leaflet shape=3-lobed;ovate;oblong
 
|terminal; segment leaflet width=4cm;14cm
 
|vein orientation=arising
 
|vein quantity=3
 
 
}}<!--
 
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cimicifuga]]
 
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Revision as of 13:32, 27 July 2019

Stems 60-250 cm, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent. Leaves: petiole rounded abaxially, 8-16 cm, broadly and shallowly grooved adaxially, glabrous, rarely with a few lax hairs in groove. Leaf blade (2-)3-ternately compound; leaflets 32-100; terminal leaflet of central segment ovate to oblong, incisely 3-lobed, 6-15 × 4-14 cm, with 3 veins arising basally, base cuneate to somewhat cordate, margins dentate to serrate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or glabrate; other leaflets 3-15 × 3-10 cm. Inflorescences ± lax panicles of 3-10 racemelike branches, 10-50 cm, densely short-pubescent and granular; bract 1, subtending pedicel, broadly triangular, acute, 1-3 mm; pedicel to 20 mm, granular, bracteoles present along most of pedicel, narrowly triangular, acute. Flowers: sepals 5, 3 outer white tinged red, 2 inner yellowish green; petals usually 2, rarely more, sessile, body yellowish with white lobes, ovate, 3-6 mm; nectary basal; stamens 40-70; filaments 6-10 mm; pistils 3-8, short-stipitate, body glabrous, stipe granular; style subulate, often curved; stigma minute, 0.2 mm wide. Follicles 2-4, stipitate, obovate, laterally compressed, 8-17 mm, membranous walled, glabrous. Seeds pale brown, lenticular, ca. 3.5 mm, covered with whitish, broad, lacerate scales but not apprearing cylindric.


Phenology: Flowering summer–fall (Aug–Oct).
Habitat: Moist, rich, rocky and boulder-strewn, wooded slopes and coves
Elevation: 300-2000 m

Distribution

V3 1126-distribution-map.gif

Ga., Ill., Ky., Md., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.

Discussion

Much confusion has developed over the name Cimicifuga cordifolia Pursh. Although F. Pursh (1814, vol. 2, pp. 372-373) considered it synonymous with C. americana, several other authors have variously misapplied the name C. cordifolia to C. racemosa and C. rubifolia.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Cimicifuga americana"
Gwynn W. Ramsey +
Michaux +
American bugbane +
Ga. +, Ill. +, Ky. +, Md. +, N.C. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tenn. +, Va. +  and W.Va. +
300-2000 m +
Moist, rich, rocky and boulder-strewn, wooded slopes and coves +
Flowering summer–fall (Aug–Oct). +
Fl. Bor.-Amer. +
Endemic +  and Selected by author to be illustrated +
Cimicifuga cordifolia +  and Cimicifuga racemosa var. cordifolia +
Cimicifuga americana +
Cimicifuga +
species +