Show Lower Taxa
Difference between revisions of "Dicentra formosa"
Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. 1842.
Common names: Pacific bleeding-heart
Endemic
Basionym: Fumaria formosa Haworth
Synonyms: Dicentra saccata (Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray) Walpers
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout rhizomes. <b>Leaves</b> (15-)25-40(-55) × (8-)12-20(-35) cm; blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface glaucous; penultimate lobes oblong, distal ones usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (4-)10-20(-50) × (1.5-)3-4(-8) mm. <b>Inflorescences</b> paniculate, 2-30-flowered, usually exceeding leaves; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7(-12) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate. <b>Flowers</b> pendent; sepals lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm; petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale yellow, rarely white; outer petals (12-)16-19(-24) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion 2-5 mm; inner petals (12-)15-18(-22) mm, blade 2-4 mm wide, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 7-10(-12) × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm; filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-3 mm portion of median filament just above base; nectariferous tissue borne along distinct portion of median filament; style 3-9 mm; stigma rhomboid, 2-horned. <b>Capsules</b> oblong, 4-5 mm diam. <b>Seeds</b> reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=w North America | + | |distribution=w North America. |
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
--><p>Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944).</p><!-- | --><p>Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944).</p><!-- | ||
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|basionyms=Fumaria formosa | |basionyms=Fumaria formosa | ||
|family=Fumariaceae | |family=Fumariaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=w North America | + | |distribution=w North America. |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Repert. Bot. Syst. | |publication title=Repert. Bot. Syst. | ||
|publication year=1842 | |publication year=1842 | ||
|special status=Endemic | |special status=Endemic | ||
| − | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna- | + | |source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_1080.xml |
|genus=Dicentra | |genus=Dicentra | ||
|species=Dicentra formosa | |species=Dicentra formosa | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Dicentra]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Dicentra]] | ||
Revision as of 13:31, 27 July 2019
Plants perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout rhizomes. Leaves (15-)25-40(-55) × (8-)12-20(-35) cm; blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface glaucous; penultimate lobes oblong, distal ones usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (4-)10-20(-50) × (1.5-)3-4(-8) mm. Inflorescences paniculate, 2-30-flowered, usually exceeding leaves; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7(-12) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate. Flowers pendent; sepals lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm; petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale yellow, rarely white; outer petals (12-)16-19(-24) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion 2-5 mm; inner petals (12-)15-18(-22) mm, blade 2-4 mm wide, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 7-10(-12) × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm; filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-3 mm portion of median filament just above base; nectariferous tissue borne along distinct portion of median filament; style 3-9 mm; stigma rhomboid, 2-horned. Capsules oblong, 4-5 mm diam. Seeds reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present.
Distribution
w North America.
Discussion
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944).
Early attempts to cross Dicentra formosa with D. eximia (2n = 16) failed, possibly because the D. formosa parents were tetraploids. Several later hybrids between the two species received plant patents and have become widely marketed throughout the flora area and elsewhere (K. R. Stern 1961, 1968; K. R. Stern and M. Ownbey 1971).
Both subspecies, as well as hybrids between them and Dicentra eximia, are widely cultivated.
The Skagit used a decoction of the roots of Dicentra formosa to expel worms; they chewed raw roots for toothaches (D. E. Moerman 1986, species not indicated).
Selected References
None.
Key
| 1 | Petals rose-purple to pink, rarely white; leaf blades adaxially not glaucous (rarely glaucescent). | Dicentra formosa subsp. formosa |
| 1 | Petals cream-colored or rarely pale yellow, rose-tipped; leaf blades adaxially distinctly glaucous. | Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana |