Difference between revisions of "Polypodium virginianum"

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 1085. 1753.

Common names: Rock polypody tripes-de-roches polypode de virginie
Synonyms: Polypodium vinlandicum A. Löve & D. LövePolypodium vulgare var. americanum HookerPolypodium vulgare var. virginianum (Linnaeus) D. C. Eaton
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem coloration;stem coating;stem size;stem diameter;stem taste"><b>Stems </b>often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="scale coloration;scale shape;scale arrangement or shape;base coloration;margin coloration;central stripe coloration;margin shape">scales weakly bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, base and margins light-brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins denticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>to 40 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole size;petiole diameter"><b>Petiole </b>slender, to 2 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade width;blade width;blade texture"><b>Blade </b>oblong to narrowly lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest near middle, occasionally at or near base, to 7 cm wide, somewhat leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence">rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="scale shape;scale count;cell width">scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="segment shape;segment width"><b>Segments </b>oblong, less than 8 mm wide;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">margins entire to crenulate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">apex rounded to broadly acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="">midrib glabrous adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="midrib pubescence;midrib fusion"><b>Venation </b>free.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="sorus position;sorus diameter;sorus arrangement or shape;margin position;midrib position"><b>Sori </b>midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="sporangiaster count;sporangiaster count"><b>Sporangiasters </b>present, usually less than 40 per sorus, heads covered with glandular-hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spore some measurement;spore relief"><b>Spores </b>more than 52 µm, tuberculate, surface projections more than 3 µm tall.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="surface projection height;2n chromosome count">2n = 148.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting; scales weakly bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, base and margins light brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins denticulate. <b>Leaves</b> to 40 cm. <b>Petiole</b> slender, to 2 mm diam. <b>Blade</b> oblong to narrowly lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest near middle, occasionally at or near base, to 7 cm wide, somewhat leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide. <b>Segments</b> oblong, less than 8 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. <b>Venation</b> free. <b>Sori</b> midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. <b>Sporangiasters</b> present, usually less than 40 per sorus, heads covered with glandular hairs. <b>Spores</b> more than 52 µm, tuberculate, surface projections more than 3 µm tall. <b>2n</b> = 148.</span><!--
  
 
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|phenology=Sporulating summer–fall.
 
|habitat=Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
 
|habitat=Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
 
|elevation=0–1800 m
 
|elevation=0–1800 m
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Polypodiaceae
 
|family=Polypodiaceae
 +
|phenology=Sporulating summer–fall.
 
|habitat=Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
 
|habitat=Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
 
|elevation=0–1800 m
 
|elevation=0–1800 m
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|publication year=1753
 
|publication year=1753
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_572.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_572.xml
 
|genus=Polypodium
 
|genus=Polypodium
 
|species=Polypodium virginianum
 
|species=Polypodium virginianum
|2n chromosome count=148
 
|apex shape=rounded;broadly acute
 
|base coloration=light-brown
 
|blade shape=pinnatifid;oblong;narrowly lanceolate
 
|blade texture=leathery
 
|blade width=0cm;7cm
 
|cell width=wide
 
|central stripe coloration=dark
 
|margin coloration=light-brown
 
|margin position=marginal
 
|margin shape=entire;crenulate
 
|midrib fusion=free
 
|midrib position=marginal
 
|midrib pubescence=glabrous
 
|petiole diameter=0mm;2mm
 
|petiole size=slender
 
|rachis pubescence=glabrous;sparsely scaly;glabrescent abaxially
 
|scale arrangement or shape=contorted
 
|scale coloration=bicolored
 
|scale shape=lanceolate-ovate;lanceolate
 
|segment shape=oblong
 
|segment width=0mm;8mm
 
|sorus arrangement or shape=circular
 
|sorus diameter=0mm;3mm
 
|sorus position=midway
 
|sporangiaster count=0;40
 
|spore relief=tuberculate
 
|stem coating=pruinose
 
|stem coloration=whitish
 
|stem diameter=0mm;6mm
 
|stem size=slender
 
|stem taste=acrid-tasting
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polypodium]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polypodium]]

Revision as of 13:23, 27 July 2019

Stems often whitish pruinose, slender, to 6 mm diam., acrid-tasting; scales weakly bicolored, lanceolate, contorted distally, base and margins light brown, sometimes with dark central stripe, margins denticulate. Leaves to 40 cm. Petiole slender, to 2 mm diam. Blade oblong to narrowly lanceolate, pinnatifid, usually widest near middle, occasionally at or near base, to 7 cm wide, somewhat leathery; rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially; scales lanceolate-ovate, usually more than 6 cells wide. Segments oblong, less than 8 mm wide; margins entire to crenulate; apex rounded to broadly acute; midrib glabrous adaxially. Venation free. Sori midway between margin and midrib to nearly marginal, less than 3 mm diam., circular when immature. Sporangiasters present, usually less than 40 per sorus, heads covered with glandular hairs. Spores more than 52 µm, tuberculate, surface projections more than 3 µm tall. 2n = 148.


Phenology: Sporulating summer–fall.
Habitat: Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates
Elevation: 0–1800 m

Distribution

V2 572-distribution-map.gif

St. Pierre and Miquelon, Alta., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

Discussion

Traditionally, two cytotypes have been recognized within Polypodium virginianum (I. Manton and M. Shivas 1953). Recent research has demonstrated that the tetraploid cytotype, which properly bears the name P. virginianum (R. Cranfill and D. M. Britton 1983), is an allopolyploid produced by hybridization between the diploid cytotype (here called P. appalachianum) and P. sibiricum (C. H. Haufler and M. D. Windham 1991; C. H. Haufler and Wang Z. R. 1991). Although sometimes similar to its diploid parents in overall leaf morphology, P. virginianum has consistently larger spores, typically more than 52 µm (see additional comments under P. appalachianum and P. sibiricum). Frequent hybridizations between P. virginianum and P. appalachianum form morphologically intermediate, triploid individuals with misshapen spores. Sterile triploids also result from hybridization between P. virginianum and P. sibiricum.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Polypodium virginianum"
Christopher H. Haufler +, Michael D. Windham +, Frank A. Lang +  and S. A. Whitmore +
Linnaeus +
Rock polypody +, tripes-de-roches +  and polypode de virginie +
St. Pierre and Miquelon +, Alta. +, Man. +, N.B. +, Nfld. +, N.W.T. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Ark. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Ga. +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Ky. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Mo. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, Ohio +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Vt. +, Va. +, W.Va. +  and Wis. +
0–1800 m +
Cliffs and rocky slopes, on a variety of substrates +
Sporulating summer–fall. +
Polypodium vinlandicum +, Polypodium vulgare var. americanum +  and Polypodium vulgare var. virginianum +
Polypodium virginianum +
Polypodium +
species +