Difference between revisions of "Dryopteris"

Adanson

Fam. Pl. 2: 20, 551. 1763.

Common names: Wood fern shield fern dryoptère
Etymology: Greek drys, tree, and pteris, fern
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2.
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant growth form or habitat"><b>Plants </b>terrestrial, rarely on rock.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;stolon count"><b>Stems </b>short-creeping to erect, stolons absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf architecture;leaf coloration;leaf condition"><b>Leaves </b>monomorphic, green through winter or dying back in winter.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole count;base length;base length"><b>Petiole </b>ca. 1/4–2/3 blade length, bases swollen or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="vascular-bundle count;vascular-bundle arrangement;vascular-bundle shape">vascular-bundles more than 3, arranged in an arc, ± round in cross-section.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade size;blade texture;blade texture;apex shape"><b>Blade </b>deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 1–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, herbaceous to somewhat leathery.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="pinna architecture;pinna shape;pinna architecture or shape;pinna architecture or shape;pinna architecture or shape;rachis architecture or shape;margin architecture or shape"><b>Pinnae </b>not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenate, or serrate, spinulose or not;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="proximal pinna size;proximal pinna size;proximal pinna architecture;proximal pinna architecture;proximal pinna architecture;proximal pinna architecture or shape;proximal pinna shape;side orientation">proximal pinnae reduced (several pairs), same size as or enlarged relative to more distal pinnae, sessile to petiolulate, equilateral or often inequilateral with pinnules on basiscopic side longer than those on acroscopic side;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="costa architecture;groove architecture">costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae to costules;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="scale shape;scale shape;scale shape;blade pubescence">indument of linear to ovate scales abaxially, also sometimes with glands, blades ± glabrous adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="vein fusion;vein shape"><b>Veins </b>free, forked.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sorus shape;between margin and midrib row count"><b>Sori </b>in 1 row between margin and midrib, round;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="indusium shape;indusium fixation;indusium duration;indusium duration;sinus size or width">indusia round-reniform, attached at narrow sinus, persistent or caducous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="wing architecture or shape"><b>Spores </b>brownish, coarsely rugose or with folded wings.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="spore coloration;spore relief;spore relief;x chromosome count">x = 41.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>terrestrial, rarely on rock. <b>Stems</b> short-creeping to erect, stolons absent. <b>Leaves</b> monomorphic, green through winter or dying back in winter. <b>Petiole</b> ca. 1/4–2/3 blade length, bases swollen or not; vascular bundles more than 3, arranged in an arc, ± round in cross section. <b>Blade</b> deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 1–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, herbaceous to somewhat leathery. <b>Pinnae</b> not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenate, or serrate, spinulose or not; proximal pinnae reduced (several pairs), same size as or enlarged relative to more distal pinnae, sessile to petiolulate, equilateral or often inequilateral with pinnules on basiscopic side longer than those on acroscopic side; costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae to costules; indument of linear to ovate scales abaxially, also sometimes with glands, blades ± glabrous adaxially. <b>Veins</b> free, forked. <b>Sori</b> in 1 row between margin and midrib, round; indusia round-reniform, attached at narrow sinus, persistent or caducous. <b>Spores</b> brownish, coarsely rugose or with folded wings. <b>x</b> = 41.</span><!--
  
 
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|publication year=1763
 
|publication year=1763
 
|special status=
 
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_568.xml
+
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V2/V2_568.xml
 
|genus=Dryopteris
 
|genus=Dryopteris
|apex shape=pinnatifid
 
|base length=not;swollen
 
|between margin and midrib row count=1
 
|blade pubescence=glabrous
 
|blade shape=1-3-pinnate-pinnatifid;deltate-ovate;lanceolate
 
|blade size=reduced
 
|blade texture=leathery;herbaceous to somewhat
 
|costa architecture=grooved
 
|groove architecture=continuous
 
|indusium duration=caducous;persistent
 
|indusium fixation=attached
 
|indusium shape=round-reniform
 
|leaf architecture=monomorphic
 
|leaf coloration=green
 
|leaf condition=dying
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire
 
|petiole count=1/4;2/3
 
|pinna architecture=not articulate
 
|pinna architecture or shape=not;spinulose;serrate
 
|pinna shape=crenate
 
|plant growth form or habitat=terrestrial
 
|proximal pinna architecture=sessile;petiolulate
 
|proximal pinna architecture or shape=equilateral
 
|proximal pinna shape=inequilateral
 
|proximal pinna size=enlarged;reduced
 
|rachis architecture or shape=entire
 
|scale shape=linear;ovate
 
|side orientation=basiscopic
 
|sinus size or width=narrow
 
|sorus shape=round
 
|spore coloration=brownish
 
|spore relief=with folded wings;rugose
 
|stem orientation=short-creeping;erect
 
|stolon count=absent
 
|vascular-bundle arrangement=arranged
 
|vascular-bundle shape=round
 
|vein fusion=free
 
|vein shape=forked
 
|wing architecture or shape=folded
 
|x chromosome count=41
 
 
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Revision as of 13:23, 27 July 2019

Plants terrestrial, rarely on rock. Stems short-creeping to erect, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic, green through winter or dying back in winter. Petiole ca. 1/4–2/3 blade length, bases swollen or not; vascular bundles more than 3, arranged in an arc, ± round in cross section. Blade deltate-ovate to lanceolate, 1–3-pinnate-pinnatifid, gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, herbaceous to somewhat leathery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenate, or serrate, spinulose or not; proximal pinnae reduced (several pairs), same size as or enlarged relative to more distal pinnae, sessile to petiolulate, equilateral or often inequilateral with pinnules on basiscopic side longer than those on acroscopic side; costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae to costules; indument of linear to ovate scales abaxially, also sometimes with glands, blades ± glabrous adaxially. Veins free, forked. Sori in 1 row between margin and midrib, round; indusia round-reniform, attached at narrow sinus, persistent or caducous. Spores brownish, coarsely rugose or with folded wings. x = 41.

Distribution

Mostly in temperate Asia.

Discussion

The relationships of the North American species are reasonably well understood, but species identifications are complicated by the frequent presence of hybrids in field populations. Sterile hybrids can be distinguished from fertile species by their misshapen spores and intermediate morphology. They are not included in the key, but they may be identified as to parentage by combinations of characters in the key (e.g., marginal sori for Dryopteris marginalis, narrow blades for D. cristata). Relationships are shown in the accompanying reticulogram.

Species ca. 250 (14 in the flora).

Key

1 Blades densely scaly abaxially, aromatic-glandular; old leaves forming conspicuous gray or brown clumps; leaves 6-25(-40) cm. Dryopteris fragrans
1 Blades glabrous to sparsely scaly abaxially, not aromatic-glandular; old leaves not persisting in conspicuous gray or brown clumps; leaves usually more than 25 cm. > 2
2 Blades 2-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid at base. > 3
2 Blades pinnate-pinnatifid to 2-pinnate at base. > 7
3 Basal pinnules of basal pinnae shorter than adjacent pinnules. > 4
3 Basal pinnules of basal pinnae longer than adjacent pinnules. > 5
4 Pinnae with elongate serrate tip; blades and indusia lacking glands or sparsely glandular. Dryopteris cinnamomea
4 Pinnae lacking elongate serrate tip; blades, at least the midrib of segments and indusia, finely glandular. Dryopteris intermedia
5 First basal basiscopic pinnule not much wider than 1st acroscopic pinnule on basal pinnae; blades ovate-lanceolate. Dryopteris carthusiana
5 First basal basiscopic pinnule 2 times width of 1st acroscopic pinnule on basal pinnae; blades ovate-deltate. > 6
6 Petiole scales tan, with dark central stripe; leaves erect to slightly arching (Rocky Mountains, n Great Lakes, ne Canada). Dryopteris expansa
6 Petiole scales tan or dark at base, lacking distinct dark stripe; leaves widely spreading (Appalachian Mountains north to ne Canada). Dryopteris campyloptera
7 Sori at or near margins of segments; petioles with dense tuft of pale tawny scales at base. Dryopteris marginalis
7 Sori midway between margin and midrib or closer to midribs of segments; petioles with scattered tan to dark brown scales at base. > 8
8 Pinnules finely spiny with spreading teeth (Arizona and west coast of North America). Dryopteris arguta
8 Pinnules not finely spiny, teeth blunt or incurved (e, nw North America). > 9
9 Petioles less than 1/4 length of leaves, scales of 2 kinds, mixed, broad and hairlike. Dryopteris filix-mas
9 Petioles 1/4-1/3 length of leaves, scales broad to narrow, but not hairlike. > 10
10 Fertile pinnae narrower than vegetative pinnae, restricted to distal 1/2 of blade. Dryopteris ludoviciana
10 Fertile pinnae same width as vegetative pinnae, occupying distal 1/2 of blade to nearly entire blade. > 11
11 Basal pinnae ovate; blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate; scales at base of petioles dark brown or with dark brown stripe. > 12
11 Basal pinnae deltate; blades lanceolate with parallel sides; scales at base of petioles tan. > 13
12 Blades ovate, tapering abruptly to tip; sori nearer midvein than margin of segments. Dryopteris goldiana
12 Blades ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to tip; sori about midway between midvein and margin of segments. Dryopteris celsa
13 Basal pinnae narrowly elongate-deltate; pinnae of fertile leaves nearly in plane of blade. Dryopteris clintoniana
13 Basal pinnae deltate; pinnae of fertile leaves twisted nearly at right angles to plane of blade. Dryopteris cristata
... more about "Dryopteris"
James D. Montgomery +  and Warren H. Wagner Jr. +
Adanson +
Wood fern +, shield fern +  and dryoptère +
Mostly in temperate Asia. +
Greek drys, tree, and pteris, fern +
carlson1982a +, jenkins1989a +, montgomery1981a +, montgomery1982a +, petersen1983a +, viane1986a +, wagner1971a +  and werth1991a +
Dryopteris +
Dryopteridaceae +