Difference between revisions of "Eschscholzia californica"

Chamisso

in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol., 73, plate 15. 1820.

Common names: California-poppy
Illustrated
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
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{{Treatment/ID
 
{{Treatment/ID
 
|accepted_name=Eschscholzia californica
 
|accepted_name=Eschscholzia californica
|accepted_authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
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|accepted_authority=Chamisso
 
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
 
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
 
|title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
 
|title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
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|common_names=California-poppy
 
|common_names=California-poppy
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
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|code=W2
|label=Weedy
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|label=
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}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
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|code=F
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|label=Illustrated
 
}}
 
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|basionyms=
 
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="plant duration;plant duration;plant architecture;plant orientation;plant orientation;plant some measurement;plant pubescence;plant pubescence"><b>Plants,</b> perennial or annual, caulescent, erect or spreading, 5-60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="form duration">taproot heavy in perennial forms.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf position"><b>Leaves </b>basal and cauline;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="ultimate lobe shape;ultimate lobe shape">blade with ultimate lobes obtuse or acute.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>cymose or 1-flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="bud orientation">buds erect.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="receptacle shape;rim orientation;rim fusion"><b>Flowers:</b> receptacle obconic, cup with spreading free rim;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="calyx shape;calyx shape;calyx shape;calyx pubescence;calyx pubescence">calyx acute to acuminate, glabrous, sometimes glaucous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal coloration;petal some measurement">petals yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base, 20-60 mm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="capsule some measurement"><b>Capsules </b>3-9 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="seed coloration;seed coloration;seed coloration;seed shape;seed shape;seed shape;seed some measurement;seed architecture or coloration or relief"><b>Seeds </b>brown to black, spheric to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate.</span><!--
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--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants,</b> perennial or annual, caulescent, erect or spreading, 5-60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; taproot heavy in perennial forms. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; blade with ultimate lobes obtuse or acute. <b>Inflorescences</b> cymose or 1-flowered; buds erect. <b>Flowers</b>: receptacle obconic, cup with spreading free rim; calyx acute to acuminate, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; petals yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base, 20-60 mm. <b>Capsules</b> 3-9 cm. <b>Seeds</b> brown to black, spheric to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America (w United States);nw Mexico
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|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Nev.;Oreg.;Tex.;Utah;Wash.;nw Mexico.
 
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
 
|discussion=<p>Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Eschscholzia californica is the state flower of California. Although it is toxic to humans, its roots are relished by gophers. Widely planted in North America and elsewhere as an ornamental, roadside, and reclamation plant, with many color forms in the horticultural trade, it often escapes but usually does not persist.</p><!--
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--><p><i>Eschscholzia californica</i> is the state flower of California. Although it is toxic to humans, its roots are relished by gophers. Widely planted in North America and elsewhere as an ornamental, roadside, and reclamation plant, with many color forms in the horticultural trade, it often escapes but usually does not persist.</p><!--
 
--><p>This species is highly variable (more than 90 infraspecific taxa have been described), not only among different plants and locations but also within individual plants over the course of the growing season, especially in petal size and color (see W. L. Jepson 1909-1943, vol. 1, part 7, pp. 564-569).</p><!--
 
--><p>This species is highly variable (more than 90 infraspecific taxa have been described), not only among different plants and locations but also within individual plants over the course of the growing season, especially in petal size and color (see W. L. Jepson 1909-1943, vol. 1, part 7, pp. 564-569).</p><!--
--><p>Native Americans used Eschscholzia californica (no varieties specified) to treat lice, to induce sleep in children, as a poison, for consumption, for toothaches, and as an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
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--><p>Native Americans used <i>Eschscholzia californica</i> (no varieties specified) to treat lice, to induce sleep in children, as a poison, for consumption, for toothaches, and as an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references={{Treatment/Reference
 
|references={{Treatment/Reference
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Eschscholzia californica
 
name=Eschscholzia californica
|author=
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|authority=Chamisso
|authority=Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees
 
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
 
|parent rank=genus
 
|parent rank=genus
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Papaveraceae
 
|family=Papaveraceae
|distribution=North America (w United States);nw Mexico
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|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Nev.;Oreg.;Tex.;Utah;Wash.;nw Mexico.
 
|reference=clark1978a
 
|reference=clark1978a
 
|publication title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
 
|publication title=in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol.,
 
|publication year=1820
 
|publication year=1820
|special status=Weedy
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|special status=W2;Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_316.xml
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|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_316.xml
 
|genus=Eschscholzia
 
|genus=Eschscholzia
 
|species=Eschscholzia californica
 
|species=Eschscholzia californica
|bud orientation=erect
 
|calyx pubescence=glaucous;glabrous
 
|calyx shape=acute;acuminate
 
|capsule some measurement=3cm;9cm
 
|form duration=perennial
 
|inflorescence architecture=1-flowered;cymose
 
|leaf position=cauline;basal
 
|petal coloration=orange spot;yellow;orange
 
|petal some measurement=20mm;60mm
 
|plant architecture=caulescent
 
|plant duration=annual;perennial
 
|plant orientation=spreading;erect
 
|plant pubescence=glaucous;glabrous
 
|plant some measurement=5cm;60cm
 
|receptacle shape=obconic
 
|rim fusion=free
 
|rim orientation=spreading
 
|seed architecture or coloration or relief=reticulate
 
|seed coloration=brown;black
 
|seed shape=spheric;ellipsoid
 
|seed some measurement=1.5mm;1.8mm
 
|ultimate lobe shape=acute;obtuse
 
 
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Latest revision as of 16:57, 6 November 2020

Plants, perennial or annual, caulescent, erect or spreading, 5-60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; taproot heavy in perennial forms. Leaves basal and cauline; blade with ultimate lobes obtuse or acute. Inflorescences cymose or 1-flowered; buds erect. Flowers: receptacle obconic, cup with spreading free rim; calyx acute to acuminate, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; petals yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base, 20-60 mm. Capsules 3-9 cm. Seeds brown to black, spheric to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate.

Distribution

Ariz., Calif., N.Mex., Nev., Oreg., Tex., Utah, Wash., nw Mexico.

Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Eschscholzia californica is the state flower of California. Although it is toxic to humans, its roots are relished by gophers. Widely planted in North America and elsewhere as an ornamental, roadside, and reclamation plant, with many color forms in the horticultural trade, it often escapes but usually does not persist.

This species is highly variable (more than 90 infraspecific taxa have been described), not only among different plants and locations but also within individual plants over the course of the growing season, especially in petal size and color (see W. L. Jepson 1909-1943, vol. 1, part 7, pp. 564-569).

Native Americans used Eschscholzia californica (no varieties specified) to treat lice, to induce sleep in children, as a poison, for consumption, for toothaches, and as an emetic (D. E. Moerman 1986).

Key

1 Spreading rim of receptacular cup prominent; cotyledons usually 2-lobed; inland valleys, California. Eschscholzia californica subsp. californica
1 Spreading rim of receptacular cup often inconspicuous; cotyledons unlobed; southwestern deserts. Eschscholzia californica subsp. mexicana