Difference between revisions of "Sclerocactus whipplei"
Cact. 3: 213. 1922.
Common names: Whipple fishhook cactus
Endemic
Basionym: Echinocactus whipplei Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 271. 1856
Synonyms: Ferocactus whipplei (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) N. P. Taylor Pediocactus whipplei (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Arp Sclerocactus whipplei var. pygmaeus Peebles
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|common_names=Whipple fishhook cactus | |common_names=Whipple fishhook cactus | ||
| − | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/ | + | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status |
| + | |code=E | ||
| + | |label=Endemic | ||
| + | }} | ||
| + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym | ||
|name=Echinocactus whipplei | |name=Echinocactus whipplei | ||
|authority=Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow | |authority=Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
| + | |publication_title=Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts | ||
| + | |publication_place=3: 271. 1856 | ||
}} | }} | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Ferocactus whipplei | |name=Ferocactus whipplei | ||
|authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) N. P. Taylor | |authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) N. P. Taylor | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Pediocactus whipplei | |name=Pediocactus whipplei | ||
|authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Arp | |authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Arp | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=species |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Sclerocactus whipplei var. pygmaeus | |name=Sclerocactus whipplei var. pygmaeus | ||
|authority=Peebles | |authority=Peebles | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Sclerocactus;Sclerocactus whipplei | |hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae;Sclerocactus;Sclerocactus whipplei | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stem </b>usually unbranched, depressed-spheric, or spheric to elongate-cylindric, 3–7(–14) × 4–9(–11) cm; ribs 13–15, tubercles usually evident on ribs. <b>Spines</b> densely covering stem; radial spines (5–)7–12 per areole, white except for abaxial 2 that are usually purplish pink, 0.6–27 mm; central spines 4(–5) per areole, terete to angled; abaxial central spine 1 per areole, purplish pink or reddish brown, somewhat angled, hooked, 16–45(–55) × 0.5–1 mm; lateral central spines 2 per areole, directed toward stem apex, purplish pink to white, 14–45 × 0.5–1 mm; adaxial central spine white, usually flat, ribbonlike or dagger-shaped, 17–65(–70) × 1.5–2(–3) mm. <b>Flowers</b> funnelform to campanulate, (1.5–)2.2–3.2 × 1.5–3.5 cm; outer tepals with greenish or reddish midstripes and yellow margins, oblanceolate, to 24 × 5 mm; inner tepals yellow, oblanceolate, to 30 × 6 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; ovary minutely papillate, appearing smooth. <b>Fruits</b> irregularly dehiscent, green to tan, often reddish at maturity, ovoid, 10–25 × 6–15 mm, dry; scales few, scarious margined, minutely toothed, membranous-fringed. <b>Seeds</b> black, 2 × 2 mm, shiny; testa with rounded papillae.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| + | |phenology=Flowering late Apr–May. | ||
|habitat=Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands | |habitat=Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands | ||
|elevation=1500-1800 m | |elevation=1500-1800 m | ||
|distribution=Ariz.;Utah. | |distribution=Ariz.;Utah. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p>Sclerocactus whipplei, is one of the more distinctive species, characterized by yellow flowers and the flattened, somewhat daggerlike, adaxial central spine directed toward the stem apex. Similar species are S. sileri, of northeast Coconino County, Arizona, and the yellow-flowered populations of S. parviflorus, often referred to as subspecies terrae-canyonae (K. D. Heil) K. D. Heil & J. M. Porter. However, S. sileri lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines, has fruits that dehisce by vertical slits and flowers that are usually a more pale yellow to nearly white, often suffused with brown. Sclerocactus parviflorus similarly lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines and possesses larger stems and flowers.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Sclerocactus whipplei</i>, is one of the more distinctive species, characterized by yellow flowers and the flattened, somewhat daggerlike, adaxial central spine directed toward the stem apex. Similar species are <i>S. sileri</i>, of northeast Coconino County, Arizona, and the yellow-flowered populations of <i>S. parviflorus</i>, often referred to as subspecies terrae-canyonae (K. D. Heil) K. D. Heil & J. M. Porter. However, <i>S. sileri</i> lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines, has fruits that dehisce by vertical slits and flowers that are usually a more pale yellow to nearly white, often suffused with brown. <i>Sclerocactus parviflorus</i> similarly lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines and possesses larger stems and flowers.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Chloroplast DNA sequence data (J. M. Porter et al. 2000) support close relationships among Sclerocactus whipplei, S. parviflorus, and S. cloverae. Both S. whipplei and S. parviflorus possess identical DNA profiles for the gene studied.</p> | + | --><p>Chloroplast DNA sequence data (J. M. Porter et al. 2000) support close relationships among <i>Sclerocactus whipplei</i>, <i>S. parviflorus</i>, and <i>S. cloverae</i>. Both <i>S. whipplei</i> and <i>S. parviflorus</i> possess identical DNA profiles for the gene studied.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Sclerocactus whipplei | name=Sclerocactus whipplei | ||
| − | |||
|authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Britton & Rose | |authority=(Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) Britton & Rose | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
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|basionyms=Echinocactus whipplei | |basionyms=Echinocactus whipplei | ||
|family=Cactaceae | |family=Cactaceae | ||
| + | |phenology=Flowering late Apr–May. | ||
|habitat=Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands | |habitat=Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands | ||
|elevation=1500-1800 m | |elevation=1500-1800 m | ||
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|publication title=Cact. | |publication title=Cact. | ||
|publication year=1922 | |publication year=1922 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Endemic |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V4/V4_372.xml |
|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Cactoideae | ||
|genus=Sclerocactus | |genus=Sclerocactus | ||
|species=Sclerocactus whipplei | |species=Sclerocactus whipplei | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Sclerocactus]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Sclerocactus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:58, 5 November 2020
Stem usually unbranched, depressed-spheric, or spheric to elongate-cylindric, 3–7(–14) × 4–9(–11) cm; ribs 13–15, tubercles usually evident on ribs. Spines densely covering stem; radial spines (5–)7–12 per areole, white except for abaxial 2 that are usually purplish pink, 0.6–27 mm; central spines 4(–5) per areole, terete to angled; abaxial central spine 1 per areole, purplish pink or reddish brown, somewhat angled, hooked, 16–45(–55) × 0.5–1 mm; lateral central spines 2 per areole, directed toward stem apex, purplish pink to white, 14–45 × 0.5–1 mm; adaxial central spine white, usually flat, ribbonlike or dagger-shaped, 17–65(–70) × 1.5–2(–3) mm. Flowers funnelform to campanulate, (1.5–)2.2–3.2 × 1.5–3.5 cm; outer tepals with greenish or reddish midstripes and yellow margins, oblanceolate, to 24 × 5 mm; inner tepals yellow, oblanceolate, to 30 × 6 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; ovary minutely papillate, appearing smooth. Fruits irregularly dehiscent, green to tan, often reddish at maturity, ovoid, 10–25 × 6–15 mm, dry; scales few, scarious margined, minutely toothed, membranous-fringed. Seeds black, 2 × 2 mm, shiny; testa with rounded papillae.
Phenology: Flowering late Apr–May.
Habitat: Gravelly or sandy hills, canyon rims and mesas, desert grasslands, sagebrush or saltbush flats, or pinyon-juniper woodlands
Elevation: 1500-1800 m
Discussion
Sclerocactus whipplei, is one of the more distinctive species, characterized by yellow flowers and the flattened, somewhat daggerlike, adaxial central spine directed toward the stem apex. Similar species are S. sileri, of northeast Coconino County, Arizona, and the yellow-flowered populations of S. parviflorus, often referred to as subspecies terrae-canyonae (K. D. Heil) K. D. Heil & J. M. Porter. However, S. sileri lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines, has fruits that dehisce by vertical slits and flowers that are usually a more pale yellow to nearly white, often suffused with brown. Sclerocactus parviflorus similarly lacks the daggerlike adaxial central spines and possesses larger stems and flowers.
Chloroplast DNA sequence data (J. M. Porter et al. 2000) support close relationships among Sclerocactus whipplei, S. parviflorus, and S. cloverae. Both S. whipplei and S. parviflorus possess identical DNA profiles for the gene studied.
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.