Difference between revisions of "Grusonia"
Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896.
Common names: Club-cholla
Etymology: for Hermann Gruson, 1821–1895, German engineer, and his Magdeburg plant collections
Synonyms: Corynopuntia F. M. Knuth Marenopuntia Backeberg Micropuntia Daston Opuntia subg. Corynopuntia (F. M. Knuth) Bra vo Opuntia sect. Clavatae Engelmann Opuntia (sect. Undefined) ser. Clavatae (Engelmann) K. Schumann
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|name=Corynopuntia | |name=Corynopuntia | ||
|authority=F. M. Knuth | |authority=F. M. Knuth | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=genus |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Marenopuntia | |name=Marenopuntia | ||
|authority=Backeberg | |authority=Backeberg | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=genus |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Micropuntia | |name=Micropuntia | ||
|authority=Daston | |authority=Daston | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=genus |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Opuntia subg. Corynopuntia | |name=Opuntia subg. Corynopuntia | ||
|authority=(F. M. Knuth) Bra vo | |authority=(F. M. Knuth) Bra vo | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=subgenus |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Opuntia sect. Clavatae | |name=Opuntia sect. Clavatae | ||
|authority=Engelmann | |authority=Engelmann | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=section |
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Opuntia (sect. Undefined) ser. Clavatae | |name=Opuntia (sect. Undefined) ser. Clavatae | ||
|authority=(Engelmann) K. Schumann | |authority=(Engelmann) K. Schumann | ||
| + | |rank=series | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae;Grusonia | |hierarchy=Cactaceae;Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae;Grusonia | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> usually densely branched, forming mats or clumps [erect or decumbent]. <b>Roots</b> tuberlike and/or diffuse, also often adventitious. <b>Stem</b> segments firmly attached in most species in the flora to easily dislodged, cylindric-clavate, usually curving upward from near bases, sometimes subspheric, subequal in length, glabrous, strongly tuberculate, sometimes appearing ribbed; areoles ± circular, 1–6 mm diam.; wool white, gray, or yellow. <b>Spines</b> with epidermis sheath deciduous at apices only, exposing yellow spine tips; at least 1 of major spines in distal areoles angular-flattened to ribbonlike, sometimes cross-striate, sometimes bulbous based. <b>Glochids</b> commonly increasing greatly in number with time, in distal areoles, white, yellow, or brown. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, radially symmetric; inner tepals bright yellow or rose to purple. <b>Pollen</b> spinulo-punctate, not reticulate (cylindropuntioid type). <b>Fruits</b> yellow to brownish, narrowly obconic to ellipsoid when fertile, fleshy at first, soon drying, smooth, sometimes spiny; areoles bearing conspicuous tuft of long, white to tan wool. <b>Seeds</b> yellowish white or pale yellow to brownish, suborbicular (to rectangular) or flattened, 3–6 mm, smooth or with rows of raised bumps; funicular girdle encircling seeds, not protruding. <b>x</b> = 11.</span><!-- |
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|publication year=1896 | |publication year=1896 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
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|subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae | |subfamily=Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae | ||
|genus=Grusonia | |genus=Grusonia | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cactaceae subfam. Opuntioideae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:57, 5 November 2020
Shrubs, usually densely branched, forming mats or clumps [erect or decumbent]. Roots tuberlike and/or diffuse, also often adventitious. Stem segments firmly attached in most species in the flora to easily dislodged, cylindric-clavate, usually curving upward from near bases, sometimes subspheric, subequal in length, glabrous, strongly tuberculate, sometimes appearing ribbed; areoles ± circular, 1–6 mm diam.; wool white, gray, or yellow. Spines with epidermis sheath deciduous at apices only, exposing yellow spine tips; at least 1 of major spines in distal areoles angular-flattened to ribbonlike, sometimes cross-striate, sometimes bulbous based. Glochids commonly increasing greatly in number with time, in distal areoles, white, yellow, or brown. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric; inner tepals bright yellow or rose to purple. Pollen spinulo-punctate, not reticulate (cylindropuntioid type). Fruits yellow to brownish, narrowly obconic to ellipsoid when fertile, fleshy at first, soon drying, smooth, sometimes spiny; areoles bearing conspicuous tuft of long, white to tan wool. Seeds yellowish white or pale yellow to brownish, suborbicular (to rectangular) or flattened, 3–6 mm, smooth or with rows of raised bumps; funicular girdle encircling seeds, not protruding. x = 11.
Distribution
s United States, n Mexico.
Discussion
Species 14 (8 in the flora).
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Flowers rose to purple; spines of fruits hairlike, flexible, antrorsely barbed (high magni- fication) | Grusonia pulchella |
| 1 | Flowers yellow; spines of fruits, when present, more rigid, retrorsely barbed | > 2 |
| 2 | Major adaxial spine(s) of distal areoles terete to subterete or absent; shrubs forming mats or clumps; roots tuberlike | > 3 |
| 2 | Major adaxial spines of distal areoles angular-flattened, at least at bases; shrubs forming mats; roots diffuse | > 4 |
| 3 | Major adaxial spine(s) of distal areoles white to brown to black (but not rich red-brown) or absent; longest central abaxial spine commonly twisted or curved, completely chalky white (at least adaxially) except in basal 3 mm or less | Grusonia aggeria |
| 3 | Major adaxial spines of distal areoles rich red-brown (or tan); longest central abaxial spine usually straight, brownish, and cross-banded with interrupted, whitish, wavy lines | Grusonia grahamii |
| 4 | Tubercles very prominent, broad, 1-3.5 times longer than wide, not or little obscured by interlacing spines | > 5 |
| 4 | Tubercles prominent, narrow, 4-6 times longer than wide, obscured by interlacing spines | > 6 |
| 5 | Stem segments 7-19 × 2.5-5 cm; distal tubercles 25-50 mm | Grusonia emoryi |
| 5 | Stem segments (2-)3.5-6.5 × (1.5-)2-3 cm; distal tubercles 8-20 mm | Grusonia schottii |
| 6 | Mature fruits very spiny and glochidiate; plants to 50 cm, in series usually 2-4 stem segments. | Grusonia kunzei |
| 6 | Mature fruits not spiny but glochidiate; plants to 20 cm, in series usually 1-2 stem segments | > 7 |
| 7 | Stem segments 2.5-5(-7.5) cm; distal tubercles 5-10(-16) mm; spines of distal areoles tan or white; longest abaxial spine white, daggerlike, broadly tapered; New Mexico | Grusonia clavata |
| 7 | Stem segments 5-9 cm; distal tubercles 15-25 mm; spines of distal areoles blackish or brown to tan; longest abaxial spine brown to white, narrowly tapered; Arizona, California, Nevada | Grusonia parishii |