Difference between revisions of "Delphinium glaucum"

S. Watson

Bot. California 2: 427. 1880.

Common names: Mountain larkspur Brown's larkspur Hooker's larkspur pale-flowered Brown's larkspur duncecap larkspur giant larkspur tall larkspur western larkspur
EndemicIllustrated
Synonyms: Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum (S. Watson) A. Gray Delphinium splendens G. N. Jones
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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|common_names=Mountain larkspur;Brown's larkspur;Hooker's larkspur;pale-flowered Brown's larkspur;duncecap larkspur;giant larkspur;tall larkspur;western larkspur
 
|common_names=Mountain larkspur;Brown's larkspur;Hooker's larkspur;pale-flowered Brown's larkspur;duncecap larkspur;giant larkspur;tall larkspur;western larkspur
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=W2
 +
|label=
 +
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=E
 
|code=E
 
|label=Endemic
 
|label=Endemic
 
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=F
 
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
+
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 
|code=W
 
|label=Weedy
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
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|name=Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum
 
|name=Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum
 
|authority=(S. Watson) A. Gray
 
|authority=(S. Watson) A. Gray
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Delphinium splendens
 
|name=Delphinium splendens
 
|authority=G. N. Jones
 
|authority=G. N. Jones
 +
|rank=species
 
}}
 
}}
 
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Delphinium;Delphinium sect. Diedropetala;Delphinium subsect. Exaltata;Delphinium glaucum
 
|hierarchy=Ranunculaceae;Delphinium;Delphinium sect. Diedropetala;Delphinium subsect. Exaltata;Delphinium glaucum
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--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem atypical some measurement;stem atypical some measurement;stem some measurement"><b>Stems </b>(60-) 100-200 (-300) cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="base coloration;base pubescence;base pubescence">base usually green, glabrous, glaucous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf position;leaf quantity;leaf presence"><b>Leaves </b>cauline, 15-20, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole some measurement">petiole 1-14 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;margin shape;margin pubescence"><b>Leaf-</b>blade round to pentagonal, 2-11 × 3-18 cm, margins seldom laciniate, glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="ultimate lobe atypical quantity;ultimate lobe quantity;ultimate lobe atypical width;ultimate lobe width;tip shape;tip shape;tip shape">ultimate lobes 5-9 (-15), width 5-24 (-35) mm, tips abruptly tapered to mucronate apex;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="leaf lobe l w ratio">midcauline leaf lobes more than 3 times longer than wide.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture"><b>Inflorescences </b>(13-) 40-90 (-140) -flowered;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pedicel atypical some measurement;pedicel some measurement;pedicel pubescence;pedicel pubescence">pedicel 1-3 (-5) cm, puberulent or glabrous;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="bracteole atypical some measurement;bracteole location;bracteole coloration;bracteole coloration;bracteole coloration;bracteole arrangement or course or shape;bracteole some measurement;bracteole pubescence;bracteole pubescence">bracteoles 2-6 (-10) mm from flowers, green to blue, linear, 2-7 mm, puberulent or glabrous.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal coloration;sepal pubescence;lateral sepal orientation;lateral sepal orientation;lateral sepal orientation;lateral sepal atypical length;lateral sepal length;lateral sepal width;spur course;spur orientation;spur atypical some measurement;spur some measurement"><b>Flowers:</b> sepals bluish purple to lavender, puberulent, lateral sepals forward pointing to spreading, 8-14 (-21) × 3-6 mm, spurs straight, ascending to ca. 45°, 10-15 (-19) mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="petal blade some measurement;cleft some measurement">lower petal blades ± covering stamens, 4-6 mm, clefts 1-3 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="hair position;hair coloration">hairs centered, mostly near base of cleft, white.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit some measurement;fruit l w ratio;fruit pubescence;fruit pubescence;fruit pubescence"><b>Fruits </b>9-20 mm, 3.5-4.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to puberulent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>wing-margined;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s15" data-properties="seed-coat cell shape;seed-coat cell height or length or size">seed-coat cells elongate but short, surfaces smooth or roughened.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s16" data-properties="surface relief;surface relief;2n chromosome quantity">2n = 16.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Stems </b>(60-)100-200(-300) cm; base usually green, glabrous, glaucous. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, 15-20, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 1-14 cm. <b>Leaf</b> blade round to pentagonal, 2-11 × 3-18 cm, margins seldom laciniate, glabrous; ultimate lobes 5-9(-15), width 5-24(-35) mm, tips abruptly tapered to mucronate apex; midcauline leaf lobes more than 3 times longer than wide. <b>Inflorescences</b> (13-)40-90(-140)-flowered; pedicel 1-3(-5) cm, puberulent or glabrous; bracteoles 2-6(-10) mm from flowers, green to blue, linear, 2-7 mm, puberulent or glabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals bluish purple to lavender, puberulent, lateral sepals forward pointing to spreading, 8-14(-21) × 3-6 mm, spurs straight, ascending to ca. 45°, 10-15(-19) mm; lower petal blades ± covering stamens, 4-6 mm, clefts 1-3 mm; hairs centered, mostly near base of cleft, white. <b>Fruits</b> 9-20 mm, 3.5-4.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to puberulent. <b>Seeds</b> wing-margined; seed coat cells elongate but short, surfaces smooth or roughened. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
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|elevation=0-3200 m
 
|elevation=0-3200 m
 
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.
 
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Sask.;Yukon;Alaska;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.
|discussion=<p>At the sites in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Delphinium glaucum is naturalized, not native.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p>At the sites in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, <i>Delphinium glaucum</i> is naturalized, not native.</p><!--
--><p>Delphinium glaucum hybridizes extensively with D. barbeyi in Utah and Colorado to the extent that hybrids [D. ×occidentale (S. Watson) S. Watson] are more common in many areas than individuals of either parental stock. It occasionally hybridizes with D. distichum, D. polycladon, D. ramosum, and D. stachydeum. Hybrids with D. brachycentrum are called D. ×nutans A. Nelson.</p><!--
+
--><p><i>Delphinium glaucum</i> hybridizes extensively with <i>D. barbeyi</i> in Utah and Colorado to the extent that hybrids [D. ×occidentale (S. Watson) S. Watson] are more common in many areas than individuals of either parental stock. It occasionally hybridizes with <i>D. distichum</i>, <i>D. polycladon</i>, <i>D. ramosum</i>, and <i>D. stachydeum</i>. Hybrids with <i>D. brachycentrum</i> are called D. ×nutans A. Nelson.</p><!--
--><p>Tremendous variation is apparent in what is here recognized as Delphinium glaucum. This is the northern expression of the complex described in the discussion under Delphinium subsect. Exaltata. Although some geographic patterns are apparent in the variation within D. glaucum, infraspecific entities are not here recognized. Apparently because of rather recent and/or incomplete genetic isolation, the degree of differentiation between these units is not such that they can be consistently recognized.</p><!--
+
--><p>Tremendous variation is apparent in what is here recognized as <i>Delphinium glaucum</i>. This is the northern expression of the complex described in the discussion under <i>Delphinium sub</i>sect.<i> Exaltata</i>. Although some geographic patterns are apparent in the variation within <i>D. glaucum</i>, infraspecific entities are not here recognized. Apparently because of rather recent and/or incomplete genetic isolation, the degree of differentiation between these units is not such that they can be consistently recognized.</p><!--
--><p>Specimens named Delphinium splendens represent plants grown in high-moisture, low-light conditions and may occur as sporadic individuals anywhere from California to Alaska. Type specimens of D. brownii Rydberg, D. canmorense Rydberg, and D. hookeri A. Nelson represent plants grown on relatively dry sites at high latitudes. Plants from dry sites at low latitudes are represented by D. bakerianum Bornmüller and D. occidentale var. reticulatum A. Nelson. Plants with lavender to white flowers are represented by type specimens of D. brownii forma pallidiflorum B. Boivin and D. cucullatum A. Nelson. Type specimens of D. alatum A. Nelson and D. glaucum var. alpinum F. L. Wynd (an invalid name) represent plants growing above or near treeline.</p><!--
+
--><p>Specimens named <i>Delphinium</i> splendens represent plants grown in high-moisture, low-light conditions and may occur as sporadic individuals anywhere from California to Alaska. Type specimens of D. brownii Rydberg, D. canmorense Rydberg, and D. hookeri A. Nelson represent plants grown on relatively dry sites at high latitudes. Plants from dry sites at low latitudes are represented by D. bakerianum Bornmüller and D. occidentale var. reticulatum A. Nelson. Plants with lavender to white flowers are represented by type specimens of D. brownii forma pallidiflorum B. Boivin and D. cucullatum A. Nelson. Type specimens of D. alatum A. Nelson and <i>D. glaucum</i> <i></i>var.<i> alpinum</i> F. L. Wynd (an invalid name) represent plants growing above or near treeline.</p><!--
--><p>Delphinium glaucum may be confused with D. californicum, D. exaltatum, D. polycladon, or D. stachydeum. For distinctions from D. californicum, see discussion under that species. Absence of basal or proximal cauline leaves, generally much larger plants (greater than 1.5 m), more flowers in the inflorescence, and shorter petioles on the leaves of D. glaucum are features that serve to distinguish this species from D. polycladon. In the latter, the leaves are primarily on the proximal stem, plants often less than 1.5 m, flowers more scattered, and petioles more than twice the length of leaf blades. Features of the sepals may be used to distinguish D. glaucum (dark lavender to blue purple, usually only minutely puberulent) from D. stachydeum (bright blue, densely puberulent). Vegetative parts of D. stachydeum are also densely puberulent, while those of D. glaucum typically are glabrous.</p>
+
--><p><i>Delphinium glaucum</i> may be confused with <i>D. californicum</i>, <i>D. exaltatum</i>, <i>D. polycladon</i>, or <i>D. stachydeum</i>. For distinctions from <i>D. californicum</i>, see discussion under that species. Absence of basal or proximal cauline leaves, generally much larger plants (greater than 1.5 m), more flowers in the inflorescence, and shorter petioles on the leaves of <i>D. glaucum</i> are features that serve to distinguish this species from <i>D. polycladon</i>. In the latter, the leaves are primarily on the proximal stem, plants often less than 1.5 m, flowers more scattered, and petioles more than twice the length of leaf blades. Features of the sepals may be used to distinguish <i>D. glaucum</i> (dark lavender to blue purple, usually only minutely puberulent) from <i>D. stachydeum</i> (bright blue, densely puberulent). Vegetative parts of <i>D. stachydeum</i> are also densely puberulent, while those of <i>D. glaucum</i> typically are glabrous.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Delphinium glaucum
 
name=Delphinium glaucum
|author=
 
 
|authority=S. Watson
 
|authority=S. Watson
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
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|publication title=Bot. California
 
|publication title=Bot. California
 
|publication year=1880
 
|publication year=1880
|special status=Endemic;Selected by author to be illustrated;Weedy
+
|special status=W2;Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_744.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_744.xml
 
|genus=Delphinium
 
|genus=Delphinium
 
|section=Delphinium sect. Diedropetala
 
|section=Delphinium sect. Diedropetala
 
|subsection=Delphinium subsect. Exaltata
 
|subsection=Delphinium subsect. Exaltata
 
|species=Delphinium glaucum
 
|species=Delphinium glaucum
|2n chromosome quantity=16
 
|base coloration=green
 
|base pubescence=glaucous;glabrous
 
|bracteole arrangement or course or shape=linear
 
|bracteole atypical some measurement=6mm;10mm
 
|bracteole coloration=green;blue
 
|bracteole location=2mm;6mm
 
|bracteole pubescence=glabrous;puberulent
 
|bracteole some measurement=2mm;7mm
 
|cleft some measurement=1mm;3mm
 
|fruit l w ratio=3.5-4.5
 
|fruit pubescence=glabrous;puberulent
 
|fruit some measurement=9mm;20mm
 
|hair coloration=white
 
|hair position=centered
 
|inflorescence architecture=(13-)40-90(-140)-flowered
 
|lateral sepal atypical length=14mm;21mm
 
|lateral sepal length=8mm;14mm
 
|lateral sepal orientation=pointing;spreading
 
|lateral sepal width=3mm;6mm
 
|leaf lobe l w ratio=3+
 
|leaf position=cauline
 
|leaf presence=absent
 
|leaf quantity=15;20
 
|leaf-blade length=2cm;11cm
 
|leaf-blade shape=round;pentagonal
 
|leaf-blade width=3cm;18cm
 
|margin pubescence=glabrous
 
|margin shape=laciniate
 
|pedicel atypical some measurement=3cm;5cm
 
|pedicel pubescence=glabrous;puberulent
 
|pedicel some measurement=1cm;3cm
 
|petal blade some measurement=4mm;6mm
 
|petiole some measurement=1cm;14cm
 
|seed architecture=wing-margined
 
|seed-coat cell height or length or size=short
 
|seed-coat cell shape=elongate
 
|sepal coloration=bluish purple;lavender
 
|sepal pubescence=puberulent
 
|spur atypical some measurement=15mm;19mm
 
|spur course=straight
 
|spur orientation=ascending
 
|spur some measurement=10mm;15mm
 
|stem atypical some measurement=200cm;300cm
 
|stem some measurement=100cm;200cm
 
|surface relief=roughened;smooth
 
|tip shape=abruptly tapered;mucronate
 
|ultimate lobe atypical quantity=9;15
 
|ultimate lobe atypical width=24mm;35mm
 
|ultimate lobe quantity=5;9
 
|ultimate lobe width=5mm;24mm
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Delphinium subsect. Exaltata]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Delphinium subsect. Exaltata]]

Latest revision as of 21:51, 5 November 2020

Stems (60-)100-200(-300) cm; base usually green, glabrous, glaucous. Leaves cauline, 15-20, absent from proximal 1/5 of stem at anthesis; petiole 1-14 cm. Leaf blade round to pentagonal, 2-11 × 3-18 cm, margins seldom laciniate, glabrous; ultimate lobes 5-9(-15), width 5-24(-35) mm, tips abruptly tapered to mucronate apex; midcauline leaf lobes more than 3 times longer than wide. Inflorescences (13-)40-90(-140)-flowered; pedicel 1-3(-5) cm, puberulent or glabrous; bracteoles 2-6(-10) mm from flowers, green to blue, linear, 2-7 mm, puberulent or glabrous. Flowers: sepals bluish purple to lavender, puberulent, lateral sepals forward pointing to spreading, 8-14(-21) × 3-6 mm, spurs straight, ascending to ca. 45°, 10-15(-19) mm; lower petal blades ± covering stamens, 4-6 mm, clefts 1-3 mm; hairs centered, mostly near base of cleft, white. Fruits 9-20 mm, 3.5-4.5 times longer than wide, glabrous to puberulent. Seeds wing-margined; seed coat cells elongate but short, surfaces smooth or roughened. 2n = 16.


Phenology: Flowering summer.
Habitat: Meadows, wet thickets, bogs, streamsides, open coniferous woods
Elevation: 0-3200 m

Distribution

V3 744-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo.

Discussion

At the sites in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Delphinium glaucum is naturalized, not native.

Delphinium glaucum hybridizes extensively with D. barbeyi in Utah and Colorado to the extent that hybrids [D. ×occidentale (S. Watson) S. Watson] are more common in many areas than individuals of either parental stock. It occasionally hybridizes with D. distichum, D. polycladon, D. ramosum, and D. stachydeum. Hybrids with D. brachycentrum are called D. ×nutans A. Nelson.

Tremendous variation is apparent in what is here recognized as Delphinium glaucum. This is the northern expression of the complex described in the discussion under Delphinium subsect. Exaltata. Although some geographic patterns are apparent in the variation within D. glaucum, infraspecific entities are not here recognized. Apparently because of rather recent and/or incomplete genetic isolation, the degree of differentiation between these units is not such that they can be consistently recognized.

Specimens named Delphinium splendens represent plants grown in high-moisture, low-light conditions and may occur as sporadic individuals anywhere from California to Alaska. Type specimens of D. brownii Rydberg, D. canmorense Rydberg, and D. hookeri A. Nelson represent plants grown on relatively dry sites at high latitudes. Plants from dry sites at low latitudes are represented by D. bakerianum Bornmüller and D. occidentale var. reticulatum A. Nelson. Plants with lavender to white flowers are represented by type specimens of D. brownii forma pallidiflorum B. Boivin and D. cucullatum A. Nelson. Type specimens of D. alatum A. Nelson and D. glaucum var. alpinum F. L. Wynd (an invalid name) represent plants growing above or near treeline.

Delphinium glaucum may be confused with D. californicum, D. exaltatum, D. polycladon, or D. stachydeum. For distinctions from D. californicum, see discussion under that species. Absence of basal or proximal cauline leaves, generally much larger plants (greater than 1.5 m), more flowers in the inflorescence, and shorter petioles on the leaves of D. glaucum are features that serve to distinguish this species from D. polycladon. In the latter, the leaves are primarily on the proximal stem, plants often less than 1.5 m, flowers more scattered, and petioles more than twice the length of leaf blades. Features of the sepals may be used to distinguish D. glaucum (dark lavender to blue purple, usually only minutely puberulent) from D. stachydeum (bright blue, densely puberulent). Vegetative parts of D. stachydeum are also densely puberulent, while those of D. glaucum typically are glabrous.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Delphinium glaucum"
Michael J. Warnock +
S. Watson +
Mountain larkspur +, Brown's larkspur +, Hooker's larkspur +, pale-flowered Brown's larkspur +, duncecap larkspur +, giant larkspur +, tall larkspur +  and western larkspur +
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.W.T. +, Sask. +, Yukon +, Alaska +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Idaho +, Mont. +, Nev. +, Oreg. +, Utah +, Wash. +  and Wyo. +
0-3200 m +
Meadows, wet thickets, bogs, streamsides, open coniferous woods +
Flowering summer. +
Bot. California +
W2 +, Endemic +  and Illustrated +
Delphinium scopulorum var. glaucum +  and Delphinium splendens +
Delphinium glaucum +
Delphinium subsect. Exaltata +
species +