familyHamamelidaceae
genusHamamelis
Show Lower Taxa
Difference between revisions of "Hamamelis"
Sp. Pl. 1: 124. 175.
Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 59. 1754.
Common names: Witch-hazel
Etymology: Greek name used by Hippocrates for medlar, Mespilus germanica Linnaeus
Synonyms: Bikukulla Adanson
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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|title=Gen. Pl. ed. | |title=Gen. Pl. ed. | ||
|place=5, 59. 1754 | |place=5, 59. 1754 | ||
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|name=Bikukulla | |name=Bikukulla | ||
|authority=Adanson | |authority=Adanson | ||
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|hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis | |hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, suckering or bearing stolons, not aromatic and resinous; twigs, young leaves, and flower buds stellate-pubescent. <b>Bark</b> gray to gray-brown, smooth or slightly roughened. <b>Dormant</b> buds naked, stellate-pubescent; terminal bud and 1 of each pair of lateral buds stalked, with 2 subtending scales. <b>Leaves</b> short-petiolate. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, (1-)3(-5)-flowered, stalked clusters. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, appearing before or with leaves; calyx lobes 4, reflexed, adnate to ovary; petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed; stamens 4, very short within cup; anthers introrse, dehiscing by 2 valves hinged adaxially on connective; staminodes 4, opposite petals, bearing nectar; styles 2, subulate, spreading to recurved. <b>Capsules</b> solitary or 2-3 together, fused with persistent tubular calyx, stylar beaks very short, loculicidally 2-valved, woody, appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent. <b>Seeds</b> 2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. <b>x</b> = 12.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia | + | |distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia. |
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>In Hamamelis, the explosively dehiscent capsules may eject the seeds to 10 m. The Japanese species H. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, with reddish to yellow flowers, suggests an affinity with H. vernalis. Both Asian species, H. japonica and H. mollis Oliver of China, and the hybrid H. ×intermedia Rehder (= H. japonica × H. mollis), with a number of cultivars, are widely cultivated.</p> | + | --><p>In <i>Hamamelis</i>, the explosively dehiscent capsules may eject the seeds to 10 m. The Japanese species H. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, with reddish to yellow flowers, suggests an affinity with <i>H. vernalis</i>. Both Asian species, H. japonica and <i>H. mollis</i> Oliver of China, and the hybrid H. ×intermedia Rehder (= H. japonica × <i>H. mollis</i>), with a number of cultivars, are widely cultivated.</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references={{Treatment/Reference | |references={{Treatment/Reference | ||
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name=Hamamelis | name=Hamamelis | ||
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|authority=Linnaeus | |authority=Linnaeus | ||
|rank=genus | |rank=genus | ||
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Hamamelidaceae | |family=Hamamelidaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia | + | |distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia. |
|reference=bradford1977a;fulling1953a;jenne1966a;sargent-a;sargent1890b;shoemaker1905a;steven1983a;steyermark1934a;steyermark1963a | |reference=bradford1977a;fulling1953a;jenne1966a;sargent-a;sargent1890b;shoemaker1905a;steven1983a;steyermark1934a;steyermark1963a | ||
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. | |publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed. | ||
|publication year=;1754 | |publication year=;1754 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_421.xml |
|genus=Hamamelis | |genus=Hamamelis | ||
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-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hamamelidaceae]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hamamelidaceae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:48, 5 November 2020
Shrubs or small trees, suckering or bearing stolons, not aromatic and resinous; twigs, young leaves, and flower buds stellate-pubescent. Bark gray to gray-brown, smooth or slightly roughened. Dormant buds naked, stellate-pubescent; terminal bud and 1 of each pair of lateral buds stalked, with 2 subtending scales. Leaves short-petiolate. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, (1-)3(-5)-flowered, stalked clusters. Flowers bisexual, appearing before or with leaves; calyx lobes 4, reflexed, adnate to ovary; petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed; stamens 4, very short within cup; anthers introrse, dehiscing by 2 valves hinged adaxially on connective; staminodes 4, opposite petals, bearing nectar; styles 2, subulate, spreading to recurved. Capsules solitary or 2-3 together, fused with persistent tubular calyx, stylar beaks very short, loculicidally 2-valved, woody, appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent. Seeds 2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. x = 12.
Distribution
Temperate regions, e North America, e Asia.
Discussion
Species 4 (2 in the flora).
In Hamamelis, the explosively dehiscent capsules may eject the seeds to 10 m. The Japanese species H. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, with reddish to yellow flowers, suggests an affinity with H. vernalis. Both Asian species, H. japonica and H. mollis Oliver of China, and the hybrid H. ×intermedia Rehder (= H. japonica × H. mollis), with a number of cultivars, are widely cultivated.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Flowers appearing in autumn, faintly fragrant; petals pale to deep yellow, rarely reddish, 10–20 mm; staminodes conspicuously dilated; leaves not persistent in winter, blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate, surfaces abaxially pale green, not glaucous; plants suckering. | Hamamelis virginiana |
| 1 | Flowers appearing in winter, distinctly fragrant; petals reddish or deep red to orange, occasionally yellow, 7–10 mm; staminodes not dilated or slightly so; leaves often persistent in winter, blade mostly obovate, base narrowed to somewhat cuneate, rarely rounded, weakly oblique, surfaces often abaxially glaucous; plants stoloniferous | Hamamelis vernalis |