familyBerberidaceae
genusCaulophyllum
Show Lower Taxa
Difference between revisions of "Caulophyllum"
Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 204. 1803.
Common names: Blue cohosh caulophylle
Etymology: Greek caulos, stem, and phyllos, leaf
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, deciduous, to 2-9 dm, glabrous. <b>Rhizomes</b> nodose, producing 2 leaves per year. <b>Aerial</b> stems present. <b>Leaves</b> caducous, cauline, 2-ranked, 1st leaf larger than 2d leaf, 2-4-ternately compound; petioles short or absent. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly obovate in overall outline; rachis pulvinate; leaflet blades broadly obovate, entire or lobed, margins not toothed; venation pinnate to palmate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, compound cymes. <b>Flowers</b> 3-merous, 6-20 mm; bracteoles caducous, 3-4, sepaloid; sepals 6, yellow, purple, red, brown, or green, petaloid; petals 6, fan-shaped, bearing nectar; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine reticulate; ovary bladderlike; placentation appearing basal; styles eccentric. <b>Fruits</b> not developed, ovary wall soon rupturing. <b>Seeds</b> 2, elevated on elongating stalk, naked at maturity; seed coat blue, fleshy, glaucous; aril absent. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Asia | + | |distribution=North America;Asia. |
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>Caulophyllum species are understory herbs of mesophytic forests, alluvial flats, rich mesic slopes, and limestone slopes. The seeds of Caulophyllum are buoyant and showy and may be dispersed by water as well as other means; seed germination is hypogeal, the cotyledons remaining underground. Caulophyllum is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens.</p> | + | --><p><i>Caulophyllum</i> species are understory herbs of mesophytic forests, alluvial flats, rich mesic slopes, and limestone slopes. The seeds of <i>Caulophyllum</i> are buoyant and showy and may be dispersed by water as well as other means; seed germination is hypogeal, the cotyledons remaining underground. <i>Caulophyllum</i> is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens.</p> |
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|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Berberidaceae | |family=Berberidaceae | ||
| − | |distribution=North America;Asia | + | |distribution=North America;Asia. |
|reference=brett1981a;loconte1985a;loconte1989a;moore1963a | |reference=brett1981a;loconte1985a;loconte1989a;moore1963a | ||
|publication title=Fl. Bor.-Amer. | |publication title=Fl. Bor.-Amer. | ||
|publication year=1803 | |publication year=1803 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_318.xml |
|genus=Caulophyllum | |genus=Caulophyllum | ||
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Latest revision as of 21:47, 5 November 2020
Herbs, perennial, deciduous, to 2-9 dm, glabrous. Rhizomes nodose, producing 2 leaves per year. Aerial stems present. Leaves caducous, cauline, 2-ranked, 1st leaf larger than 2d leaf, 2-4-ternately compound; petioles short or absent. Leaf blade broadly obovate in overall outline; rachis pulvinate; leaflet blades broadly obovate, entire or lobed, margins not toothed; venation pinnate to palmate. Inflorescences terminal, compound cymes. Flowers 3-merous, 6-20 mm; bracteoles caducous, 3-4, sepaloid; sepals 6, yellow, purple, red, brown, or green, petaloid; petals 6, fan-shaped, bearing nectar; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing by 2 apically hinged flaps; pollen exine reticulate; ovary bladderlike; placentation appearing basal; styles eccentric. Fruits not developed, ovary wall soon rupturing. Seeds 2, elevated on elongating stalk, naked at maturity; seed coat blue, fleshy, glaucous; aril absent. x = 8.
Distribution
North America, Asia.
Discussion
Species 3 (2 in the flora).
Caulophyllum species are understory herbs of mesophytic forests, alluvial flats, rich mesic slopes, and limestone slopes. The seeds of Caulophyllum are buoyant and showy and may be dispersed by water as well as other means; seed germination is hypogeal, the cotyledons remaining underground. Caulophyllum is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Pistil 3–5 mm; style 1–2 mm; stamen filaments 1.5–2.5 mm; sepals 6–9 mm; inflorescences with 4–18 flowers; 1st leaf (2–)3-ternate; leaflets 5–10 cm. | Caulophyllum giganteum |
| 1 | Pistil 1–3 mm; style 0.25–1 mm; stamen filaments 0.5–1.5 mm; sepals 3–6 mm; inflorescences with 5– 70 flowers; 1st leaf 3(–4)-ternate; leaflets 3–8 cm. | Caulophyllum thalictroides |