Difference between revisions of "Myrica heterophylla"

Rafinesque

Alsogr. Amer., 9. 1838.

Common names: Evergreen bayberry myrtle wax-myrtle
Endemic
Synonyms: Cerothamnus carolinensis (Miller) Tidestrom Myrica cerifera var. augustifolia C. de Candolle Myrica cerifera var. latifolia Aiton Myrica curtissii Rafinesque Myrica curtissii var. media (Michaux) A. Chevalier Myrica heterophylla var. curtissii (A. Chevalier) Fernald Myrica sessilifolia Myrica sessilifolia var. latifolia (Aiton) Rafinesque
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
FNA>Volume Importer
 
imported>Volume Importer
 
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|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Species
+
|name=Cerothamnus carolinensis
 
|authority=(Miller) Tidestrom
 
|authority=(Miller) Tidestrom
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=species
|name=Variety
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica cerifera var. augustifolia
 
|authority=C. de Candolle
 
|authority=C. de Candolle
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
|name=Variety
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica cerifera var. latifolia
 
|authority=Aiton
 
|authority=Aiton
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
|name=Species
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica curtissii
 
|authority=Rafinesque
 
|authority=Rafinesque
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=species
|name=Variety
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica curtissii var. media
 
|authority=(Michaux) A. Chevalier
 
|authority=(Michaux) A. Chevalier
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
|name=Variety
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica heterophylla var. curtissii
 
|authority=(A. Chevalier) Fernald
 
|authority=(A. Chevalier) Fernald
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|rank=variety
|name=Species
+
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|authority=unknown
+
|name=Myrica sessilifolia
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
+
|authority=
|name=Variety
+
|rank=species
 +
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 +
|name=Myrica sessilifolia var. latifolia
 
|authority=(Aiton) Rafinesque
 
|authority=(Aiton) Rafinesque
 +
|rank=variety
 
}}
 
}}
 
|hierarchy=Myricaceae;Myrica;Myrica heterophylla
 
|hierarchy=Myricaceae;Myrica;Myrica heterophylla
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}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="shrub duration;shrub duration;shrub some measurement;tree size;tree duration;tree duration;tree some measurement;colony architecture;specimen architecture"><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, evergreen or tardily deciduous, often forming rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 3 m.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="branchlet coloration;branchlet pubescence;branchlet pubescence;branchlet pubescence"><b>Branchlets </b>appearing black, glabrous to densely pilose;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="gland density;gland density;gland coloration">glands sparse or dense, yellow-orange.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf-blade odor;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade shape;leaf-blade atypical length;leaf-blade length;leaf-blade width;leaf-blade texture;leaf-blade texture;base shape;base shape;base shape;margin architecture or shape;margin position;margin position;margin position;margin position;apex shape;apex shape;apex shape;apex architecture or shape"><b>Leaf-</b>blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 3-12.4 (-14.2) × 1-5.2 cm, sometimes membranous, more often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or serrate distal to middle, apex rounded to acute, apiculate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;surface pubescence;gland quantity;gland architecture or function or pubescence">surfaces abaxially pilose (especially on major veins) or glabrate, densely glandular, adaxially pilose or glabrous, lacking glands or very sparsely glandular;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="gland coloration">glands yellow.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence some measurement"><b>Inflorescences:</b> staminate 0.5-1.8 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="inflorescence architecture;inflorescence some measurement">pistillate 0.3-1.1 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="flower reproduction;flower architecture;flower architecture"><b>Flowers </b>unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="flower architecture;bract height or length or size;margin coloration;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;margin pubescence;margin pubescence;gland quantity"><b>Staminate </b>flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, ciliate, especially at apex and laterally, abaxially glabrous or with few glands;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="flower architecture;stamen atypical quantity;stamen quantity">stamens 3-5 (-7).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="flower architecture;bracteole duration;bracteole size;bracteole fusion;bracteole pubescence;fruit quantity;gland quantity"><b>Pistillate </b>flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, abaxially pilose, usually along midrib, lacking glands;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="flower architecture;ovary pubescence;ovary pubescence;ovary pubescence">ovary glabrous or sparsely glandular, not pubescent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="fruit shape;fruit some measurement"><b>Fruits </b>globose-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties="fruit wall pubescence;fruit wall pubescence;fruit wall prominence;fruit wall width;fruit wall width;protuberance size;protuberance width;wax coloration;wax coloration;wax coloration">fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular, obscured by enlarged protuberances (± glandular) and thin to thick coat of gray to white wax.</span><!--
+
--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, evergreen or tardily deciduous, often forming rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 3 m. <b>Branchlets</b> appearing black, glabrous to densely pilose; glands sparse or dense, yellow-orange. <b>Leaf</b> blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 3-12.4(-14.2) × 1-5.2 cm, sometimes membranous, more often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or serrate distal to middle, apex rounded to acute, apiculate; surfaces abaxially pilose (especially on major veins) or glabrate, densely glandular, adaxially pilose or glabrous, lacking glands or very sparsely glandular; glands yellow. <b>Inflorescences</b>: staminate 0.5-1.8 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.1 cm. <b>Flowers</b> unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, ciliate, especially at apex and laterally, abaxially glabrous or with few glands; stamens 3-5(-7). <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, abaxially pilose, usually along midrib, lacking glands; ovary glabrous or sparsely glandular, not pubescent. <b>Fruits</b> globose-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular, obscured by enlarged protuberances (± glandular) and thin to thick coat of gray to white wax.</span><!--
  
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
 
-->{{Treatment/Body
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|elevation=0-250 m
 
|elevation=0-250 m
 
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.
 
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Md.;Miss.;N.J.;N.C.;Pa.;S.C.;Tex.;Va.
|discussion=<p>I have not seen any specimens of Myrica heterophylla from Delaware although it is listed in other floras as occurring there.</p><!--
+
|discussion=<p>I have not seen any specimens of <i>Myrica heterophylla</i> from Delaware although it is listed in other floras as occurring there.</p><!--
--><p>To distinguish between Myrica heterophylla and M. pensylvanica in the vegetative condition is difficult at best. Although M. heterophylla tends to have larger, persistent leaves (versus smaller, deciduous ones in M. pensylvanica), the difference breaks down, especially in the northern portion of the range of M. heterophylla. Male specimens provide little help in resolving this problem because the inflorescences are virtually identical. Female specimens are most useful (essential?) for definitive delimitation because the ovary and young fruit (wall and protuberances) of M. pensylvanica are pubescent in contrast to the glabrous or sparsely glandular fruits of M. heterophylla. Whether these differences are sufficient to warrant the recognition of distinct species is yet to be satisfactorily resolved. W. M. Houghton (1988) attempted to settle this matter, eventually recognizing two subspecies in M. pensylvanica, but he did not examine floral features in his analysis. Again, I have taken the conservative route, leaving the question largely unanswered.</p>
+
--><p>To distinguish between <i>Myrica heterophylla</i> and <i>M. pensylvanica</i> in the vegetative condition is difficult at best. Although <i>M. heterophylla</i> tends to have larger, persistent leaves (versus smaller, deciduous ones in <i>M. pensylvanica</i>), the difference breaks down, especially in the northern portion of the range of <i>M. heterophylla</i>. Male specimens provide little help in resolving this problem because the inflorescences are virtually identical. Female specimens are most useful (essential?) for definitive delimitation because the ovary and young fruit (wall and protuberances) of <i>M. pensylvanica</i> are pubescent in contrast to the glabrous or sparsely glandular fruits of <i>M. heterophylla</i>. Whether these differences are sufficient to warrant the recognition of distinct species is yet to be satisfactorily resolved. W. M. Houghton (1988) attempted to settle this matter, eventually recognizing two subspecies in <i>M. pensylvanica</i>, but he did not examine floral features in his analysis. Again, I have taken the conservative route, leaving the question largely unanswered.</p>
 
|tables=
 
|tables=
 
|references=
 
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Myrica heterophylla
 
name=Myrica heterophylla
|author=
 
 
|authority=Rafinesque
 
|authority=Rafinesque
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
 
|parent rank=genus
 
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Species;Variety;Variety;Species;Variety;Variety;Species;Variety
+
|synonyms=Cerothamnus carolinensis;Myrica cerifera var. augustifolia;Myrica cerifera var. latifolia;Myrica curtissii;Myrica curtissii var. media;Myrica heterophylla var. curtissii;Myrica sessilifolia;Myrica sessilifolia var. latifolia
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|family=Myricaceae
 
|family=Myricaceae
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|publication year=1838
 
|publication year=1838
 
|special status=Endemic
 
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V3/V3_210.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_210.xml
 
|genus=Myrica
 
|genus=Myrica
 
|species=Myrica heterophylla
 
|species=Myrica heterophylla
|apex architecture or shape=apiculate
 
|apex shape=rounded;acute
 
|base shape=cuneate;attenuate
 
|bract height or length or size=shorter
 
|bracteole duration=persistent
 
|bracteole fusion=adnate
 
|bracteole pubescence=pilose
 
|bracteole size=not accrescent
 
|branchlet coloration=black
 
|branchlet pubescence=glabrous;densely pilose
 
|colony architecture=rhizomatous
 
|flower architecture=pistillate;pistillate;staminate;staminate;pistillate;staminate
 
|flower reproduction=unisexual
 
|fruit quantity=4
 
|fruit shape=globose-ellipsoid
 
|fruit some measurement=3mm;4.5mm
 
|fruit wall prominence=obscured
 
|fruit wall pubescence=glandular;glabrous
 
|fruit wall width=thick;thin
 
|gland architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
 
|gland coloration=yellow;yellow-orange
 
|gland density=dense;sparse
 
|gland quantity=lacking;few;lacking
 
|inflorescence architecture=pistillate;staminate
 
|inflorescence some measurement=0.3cm;1.1cm
 
|leaf-blade atypical length=12.4cm;14.2cm
 
|leaf-blade length=3cm;12.4cm
 
|leaf-blade odor=aromatic
 
|leaf-blade shape=obovate;oblanceolate;elliptic
 
|leaf-blade texture=leathery;membranous
 
|leaf-blade width=1cm;5.2cm
 
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
 
|margin architecture or shape=entire
 
|margin coloration=opaque
 
|margin position=distal;middle
 
|margin pubescence=with few glands;glabrous
 
|ovary pubescence=not pubescent;glandular;glabrous
 
|protuberance size=enlarged
 
|protuberance width=thin;thick
 
|shrub duration=deciduous;evergreen
 
|shrub some measurement=0m;3m
 
|specimen architecture=much-branched
 
|stamen atypical quantity=5;7
 
|stamen quantity=3;5
 
|surface pubescence=glabrous;pilose;glandular;glabrate;pilose;glabrous;pilose;glandular;glabrate;pilose;glabrous;pilose;glandular;glabrate;pilose
 
|tree duration=deciduous;evergreen
 
|tree size=small
 
|tree some measurement=0m;3m
 
|wax coloration=gray;white
 
 
}}<!--
 
}}<!--
  
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Myrica]]
 
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Myrica]]

Latest revision as of 21:47, 5 November 2020

Shrubs or small trees, evergreen or tardily deciduous, often forming rhizomatous colonies of much-branched specimens, to 3 m. Branchlets appearing black, glabrous to densely pilose; glands sparse or dense, yellow-orange. Leaf blade aromatic when crushed, oblanceolate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, 3-12.4(-14.2) × 1-5.2 cm, sometimes membranous, more often leathery, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or serrate distal to middle, apex rounded to acute, apiculate; surfaces abaxially pilose (especially on major veins) or glabrate, densely glandular, adaxially pilose or glabrous, lacking glands or very sparsely glandular; glands yellow. Inflorescences: staminate 0.5-1.8 cm; pistillate 0.3-1.1 cm. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: bract of flower shorter than staminal column, margins opaque, ciliate, especially at apex and laterally, abaxially glabrous or with few glands; stamens 3-5(-7). Pistillate flowers: bracteoles persistent in fruit, 4, not accrescent or adnate to fruit wall, abaxially pilose, usually along midrib, lacking glands; ovary glabrous or sparsely glandular, not pubescent. Fruits globose-ellipsoid, 3-4.5 mm; fruit wall glabrous or sparsely glandular, obscured by enlarged protuberances (± glandular) and thin to thick coat of gray to white wax.


Phenology: Flowering spring–early summer, fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat: Bogs, stream, pond and lake margins, moist regions of mixed deciduous forests, pine flatlands near pitcher-plant bogs, swamps
Elevation: 0-250 m

Distribution

V3 210-distribution-map.gif

Ala., Ark., D.C., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.J., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tex., Va.

Discussion

I have not seen any specimens of Myrica heterophylla from Delaware although it is listed in other floras as occurring there.

To distinguish between Myrica heterophylla and M. pensylvanica in the vegetative condition is difficult at best. Although M. heterophylla tends to have larger, persistent leaves (versus smaller, deciduous ones in M. pensylvanica), the difference breaks down, especially in the northern portion of the range of M. heterophylla. Male specimens provide little help in resolving this problem because the inflorescences are virtually identical. Female specimens are most useful (essential?) for definitive delimitation because the ovary and young fruit (wall and protuberances) of M. pensylvanica are pubescent in contrast to the glabrous or sparsely glandular fruits of M. heterophylla. Whether these differences are sufficient to warrant the recognition of distinct species is yet to be satisfactorily resolved. W. M. Houghton (1988) attempted to settle this matter, eventually recognizing two subspecies in M. pensylvanica, but he did not examine floral features in his analysis. Again, I have taken the conservative route, leaving the question largely unanswered.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Myrica heterophylla"
Allan J. Bornstein +
Rafinesque +
Evergreen bayberry +, myrtle +  and wax-myrtle +
Ala. +, Ark. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, La. +, Md. +, Miss. +, N.J. +, N.C. +, Pa. +, S.C. +, Tex. +  and Va. +
0-250 m +
Bogs, stream, pond and lake margins, moist regions of mixed deciduous forests, pine flatlands near pitcher-plant bogs, swamps +
Flowering spring–early summer, fruiting summer–fall. +
Alsogr. Amer., +
Cerothamnus carolinensis +, Myrica cerifera var. augustifolia +, Myrica cerifera var. latifolia +, Myrica curtissii +, Myrica curtissii var. media +, Myrica heterophylla var. curtissii +, Myrica sessilifolia +  and Myrica sessilifolia var. latifolia +
Myrica heterophylla +
species +