Difference between revisions of "Quercus chrysolepis"
Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider 1854: 173. 1854.
Common names: Canyon live oak maul oak
Illustrated
Synonyms: Quercus chrysolepis var. nana (Jepson) Jepson Quercus wilcoxii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
FNA>Volume Importer |
imported>Volume Importer |
||
| (7 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
| Line 10: | Line 10: | ||
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | |special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status | ||
|code=F | |code=F | ||
| − | |label= | + | |label=Illustrated |
}} | }} | ||
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
| − | |name= | + | |name=Quercus chrysolepis var. nana |
|authority=(Jepson) Jepson | |authority=(Jepson) Jepson | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym | + | |rank=variety |
| − | |name= | + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym |
| − | |authority= | + | |name=Quercus wilcoxii |
| + | |authority= | ||
| + | |rank=species | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Protobalanus;Quercus chrysolepis | |hierarchy=Fagaceae;Quercus;Quercus sect. Protobalanus;Quercus chrysolepis | ||
| Line 27: | Line 29: | ||
}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees </b>or shrubs, trees small to medium-sized, to 25 m, shrubs of variable size. <b>Twigs</b> branching at 60° angles or less, golden brown, 1-2 mm diam., flexible, densely pubescent 1st year, moderately so 2d year. <b>Terminal</b> buds conic, 2-8 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole 3-14 mm, rusty-pubescent, adaxially flattened. <b>Leaf</b> blade oblong, acuminate, usually flat to slightly concave, 20-70 × 10-35 mm, thick, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, secondary veins 12 or more pairs, branching at ca. 50° angles, slightly raised abaxially, margins often slightly revolute with moderately thickened cell walls, entire to spinulose-dentate (especially on juvenile growth), regularly toothed, teeth terminating with mucronate to spinescent tip, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate to spinescent; surfaces abaxially glabrate to pubescent with bluish white wax layer, often obscured by golden glandular and multiradiate hairs, adaxially yellowish green, scurfy with multiradiate hairs, later in season slightly pubescent. <b>Acorns</b> solitary or paired, rarely in 3s or 4s; cup saucer-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 15-40 mm wide, rims often corky and thickened, scales appressed, deeply embedded in tomentum, often appearing swollen and keeled, tuberculate; nut ovoid, 15-30 × 10-20 mm, apex blunt, glabrous; nut scar 4-10 mm diam.</span><!-- |
-->{{Treatment/Body | -->{{Treatment/Body | ||
| Line 33: | Line 35: | ||
|habitat=Mountain ridges, canyons, and moist slopes | |habitat=Mountain ridges, canyons, and moist slopes | ||
|elevation=200-2600 m | |elevation=200-2600 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua) | + | |distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua). |
| − | |discussion=<p>Quercus chrysolepis is one of the most variable North American oaks. Historically, individuals with extreme variation in fruit and leaf characteristics led to the recognition of several varieties and forms; for example, shrubs with small leaves have been called Q. chrysolepis var. nana (Jepson) Jepson. Studies of quantitative and qualitative variation in these characteristics do not support the recognition of infraspecific taxa; geographic variation is apparent, however, based on populations with nearly stabilized character combinations that loosely define widespread variants. This oak is distinguished consistently from other species of the complex by the presence of multiradiate trichomes on both leaf surfaces (P. S. Manos 1993). The leaf morphology and branching habit present on juvenile growth, suckers, and shade forms may approach typical Q. palmeri. Similarly, various extreme forms often resemble other species of the complex.</p><!-- | + | |discussion=<p><i>Quercus chrysolepis</i> is one of the most variable North American oaks. Historically, individuals with extreme variation in fruit and leaf characteristics led to the recognition of several varieties and forms; for example, shrubs with small leaves have been called <i>Q. chrysolepis</i> <i></i>var.<i> nana</i> (Jepson) Jepson. Studies of quantitative and qualitative variation in these characteristics do not support the recognition of infraspecific taxa; geographic variation is apparent, however, based on populations with nearly stabilized character combinations that loosely define widespread variants. This oak is distinguished consistently from other species of the complex by the presence of multiradiate trichomes on both leaf surfaces (P. S. Manos 1993). The leaf morphology and branching habit present on juvenile growth, suckers, and shade forms may approach typical <i>Q. palmeri</i>. Similarly, various extreme forms often resemble other species of the complex.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Putative hybrids have been reported from narrow zones of range overlap with the three other North American species of Quercus sect. Protobalanus.</p><!-- | + | --><p>Putative hybrids have been reported from narrow zones of range overlap with the three other North American species of <i>Quercus </i>sect.<i> Protobalanus</i>.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>The Mendocin Indians considered the nuts of Quercus chrysolepis poisonous (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> | + | --><p>The Mendocin Indians considered the nuts of <i>Quercus chrysolepis</i> poisonous (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
| Line 45: | Line 47: | ||
-->{{#Taxon: | -->{{#Taxon: | ||
name=Quercus chrysolepis | name=Quercus chrysolepis | ||
| − | |||
|authority=Liebmann | |authority=Liebmann | ||
|rank=species | |rank=species | ||
|parent rank=section | |parent rank=section | ||
| − | |synonyms= | + | |synonyms=Quercus chrysolepis var. nana;Quercus wilcoxii |
|basionyms= | |basionyms= | ||
|family=Fagaceae | |family=Fagaceae | ||
| Line 55: | Line 56: | ||
|habitat=Mountain ridges, canyons, and moist slopes | |habitat=Mountain ridges, canyons, and moist slopes | ||
|elevation=200-2600 m | |elevation=200-2600 m | ||
| − | |distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua) | + | |distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua). |
|reference=None | |reference=None | ||
|publication title=Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider | |publication title=Overs. Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Medlemmers Arbeider | ||
|publication year=1854 | |publication year=1854 | ||
| − | |special status= | + | |special status=Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_12.xml |
|genus=Quercus | |genus=Quercus | ||
|section=Quercus sect. Protobalanus | |section=Quercus sect. Protobalanus | ||
|species=Quercus chrysolepis | |species=Quercus chrysolepis | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
}}<!-- | }}<!-- | ||
-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Quercus sect. Protobalanus]] | -->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Quercus sect. Protobalanus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:46, 5 November 2020
Trees or shrubs, trees small to medium-sized, to 25 m, shrubs of variable size. Twigs branching at 60° angles or less, golden brown, 1-2 mm diam., flexible, densely pubescent 1st year, moderately so 2d year. Terminal buds conic, 2-8 mm, scales brown with ciliate margins. Leaves: petiole 3-14 mm, rusty-pubescent, adaxially flattened. Leaf blade oblong, acuminate, usually flat to slightly concave, 20-70 × 10-35 mm, thick, leathery, base obtuse to rounded, secondary veins 12 or more pairs, branching at ca. 50° angles, slightly raised abaxially, margins often slightly revolute with moderately thickened cell walls, entire to spinulose-dentate (especially on juvenile growth), regularly toothed, teeth terminating with mucronate to spinescent tip, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate to spinescent; surfaces abaxially glabrate to pubescent with bluish white wax layer, often obscured by golden glandular and multiradiate hairs, adaxially yellowish green, scurfy with multiradiate hairs, later in season slightly pubescent. Acorns solitary or paired, rarely in 3s or 4s; cup saucer-shaped, 4-10 mm deep × 15-40 mm wide, rims often corky and thickened, scales appressed, deeply embedded in tomentum, often appearing swollen and keeled, tuberculate; nut ovoid, 15-30 × 10-20 mm, apex blunt, glabrous; nut scar 4-10 mm diam.
Phenology: Flowering usually in spring, occasionally in fall.
Habitat: Mountain ridges, canyons, and moist slopes
Elevation: 200-2600 m
Distribution
Ariz., Calif., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., Mexico (Baja California and Chihuahua).
Discussion
Quercus chrysolepis is one of the most variable North American oaks. Historically, individuals with extreme variation in fruit and leaf characteristics led to the recognition of several varieties and forms; for example, shrubs with small leaves have been called Q. chrysolepis var. nana (Jepson) Jepson. Studies of quantitative and qualitative variation in these characteristics do not support the recognition of infraspecific taxa; geographic variation is apparent, however, based on populations with nearly stabilized character combinations that loosely define widespread variants. This oak is distinguished consistently from other species of the complex by the presence of multiradiate trichomes on both leaf surfaces (P. S. Manos 1993). The leaf morphology and branching habit present on juvenile growth, suckers, and shade forms may approach typical Q. palmeri. Similarly, various extreme forms often resemble other species of the complex.
Putative hybrids have been reported from narrow zones of range overlap with the three other North American species of Quercus sect. Protobalanus.
The Mendocin Indians considered the nuts of Quercus chrysolepis poisonous (D. E. Moerman 1986).
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.