Difference between revisions of "Lasthenia"
Opusc. Phytol. 3: 88. 1834.
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>(perennials), to 40(–60) cm (taprooted or roots fibrous, fleshy and clustered in Lasthenia californica subsp. bakeri). <b>Stems</b> usually erect, sometimes decumbent, prostrate, or sprawling, simple or branched (usually distally, often proximally in decumbent plants). <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually linear, often 1(–2)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes ± disciform (in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> obconic to hemispheric, 3–5+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually persistent, sometimes falling with cypselae, 4–18 in 1(–2) series (usually ± erect in fruit, distinct or ± connate, narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, mostly herbaceous, bases flat or weakly cupped, faces not woolly, except sometimes in L. minor and L. platycarpha). <b>Receptacles</b> hemispheric to narrowly conic or subulate, smooth, papillate, or pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate. <b>Ray</b> florets 4–16, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis, often somewhat darker proximally, laminae rarely lacking in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa). <b>Disc</b> florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis), tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes (4–)5, deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> (black to gray) usually cylindric to obovoid, glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillate (flattened, margins fringed with blunt, curved hairs in L. chrysantha); pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds in combination on single cypselae). <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!-- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>(perennials), to 40(–60) cm (taprooted or roots fibrous, fleshy and clustered in <i>Lasthenia californica </i>subsp.<i> bakeri</i>). <b>Stems</b> usually erect, sometimes decumbent, prostrate, or sprawling, simple or branched (usually distally, often proximally in decumbent plants). <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually linear, often 1(–2)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy. <b>Heads</b> usually radiate, sometimes ± disciform (in <i>L. glaberrima</i> and <i>L. microglossa</i>), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> obconic to hemispheric, 3–5+ mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> usually persistent, sometimes falling with cypselae, 4–18 in 1(–2) series (usually ± erect in fruit, distinct or ± connate, narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, mostly herbaceous, bases flat or weakly cupped, faces not woolly, except sometimes in <i>L. minor</i> and <i>L. platycarpha</i>). <b>Receptacles</b> hemispheric to narrowly conic or subulate, smooth, papillate, or pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate. <b>Ray</b> florets 4–16, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in <i>L. debilis</i>, often somewhat darker proximally, laminae rarely lacking in <i>L. glaberrima</i> and <i>L. microglossa</i>). <b>Disc</b> florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in <i>L. debilis</i>), tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes (4–)5, deltate. <b>Cypselae</b> (black to gray) usually cylindric to obovoid, glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillate (flattened, margins fringed with blunt, curved hairs in <i>L. chrysantha</i>); pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds in combination on single cypselae). <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!-- |
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|distribution=w North America;nw Mexico;South America (Chile). | |distribution=w North America;nw Mexico;South America (Chile). | ||
|discussion=<p>Species 18 (17 in the flora).</p><!-- | |discussion=<p>Species 18 (17 in the flora).</p><!-- | ||
| − | --><p>Lasthenias occur in a wide variety of habitats; some are particularly conspicuous members of vernal-pool floras. The characteristic rich, golden yellow color of Lasthenia gracilis can be seen to cover thousands of hectares of grasslands and open woodlands in early spring, giving the genus its common name. Relatively few taxa are widely distributed; most have relatively restricted distributions. Some are considered to be of conservation concern.</p><!-- | + | --><p>Lasthenias occur in a wide variety of habitats; some are particularly conspicuous members of vernal-pool floras. The characteristic rich, golden yellow color of <i>Lasthenia gracilis</i> can be seen to cover thousands of hectares of grasslands and open woodlands in early spring, giving the genus its common name. Relatively few taxa are widely distributed; most have relatively restricted distributions. Some are considered to be of conservation concern.</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Lasthenia glaberrima, L. kunthii, L. maritima, and L. microglossa are self-pollinating; the rest are self-incompatible, obligate outcrossers. Lasthenia ornduffii and two subspecies of L. californica are perennial; the rest are spring annuals. It is not uncommon to find two Lasthenia species growing more or less sympatrically (in discrete populations).</p><!-- | + | --><p><i>Lasthenia glaberrima</i>, L. kunthii, <i>L. maritima</i>, and <i>L. microglossa</i> are self-pollinating; the rest are self-incompatible, obligate outcrossers. <i>Lasthenia ornduffii</i> and two subspecies of <i>L. californica</i> are perennial; the rest are spring annuals. It is not uncommon to find two <i>Lasthenia</i> species growing more or less sympatrically (in discrete populations).</p><!-- |
| − | --><p>Most lasthenias show a wide latitude of morphologic response to environmental conditions. Growth of individual plants of Lasthenia is robust in good conditions; in unfavorable conditions, single stems terminating in relatively small heads with relatively few florets are produced. Other morphologic characters such as the degree of leaf dissection, leaf margin, and pappus elements sometimes are plastic.</p><!-- | + | --><p>Most lasthenias show a wide latitude of morphologic response to environmental conditions. Growth of individual plants of <i>Lasthenia</i> is robust in good conditions; in unfavorable conditions, single stems terminating in relatively small heads with relatively few florets are produced. Other morphologic characters such as the degree of leaf dissection, leaf margin, and pappus elements sometimes are plastic.</p><!-- |
--><p>Circumscriptions of taxa here are based on R. Ornduff (1966b) with realignments proposed by R. Chan (2000). Sections are characterized by morphology, chromosome numbers, biochemistry, ecology, and molecular data.</p> | --><p>Circumscriptions of taxa here are based on R. Ornduff (1966b) with realignments proposed by R. Chan (2000). Sections are characterized by morphology, chromosome numbers, biochemistry, ecology, and molecular data.</p> | ||
|tables= | |tables= | ||
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|publication year=1834 | |publication year=1834 | ||
|special status= | |special status= | ||
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_840.xml |
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | |tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae | ||
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae | |subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Baeriinae | ||
Latest revision as of 20:14, 5 November 2020
Annuals (perennials), to 40(–60) cm (taprooted or roots fibrous, fleshy and clustered in Lasthenia californica subsp. bakeri). Stems usually erect, sometimes decumbent, prostrate, or sprawling, simple or branched (usually distally, often proximally in decumbent plants). Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually linear, often 1(–2)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces glabrous or hairy. Heads usually radiate, sometimes ± disciform (in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa), borne singly or in ± corymbiform arrays. Involucres obconic to hemispheric, 3–5+ mm diam. Phyllaries usually persistent, sometimes falling with cypselae, 4–18 in 1(–2) series (usually ± erect in fruit, distinct or ± connate, narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, mostly herbaceous, bases flat or weakly cupped, faces not woolly, except sometimes in L. minor and L. platycarpha). Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly conic or subulate, smooth, papillate, or pitted, glabrous or hairy, epaleate. Ray florets 4–16, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis, often somewhat darker proximally, laminae rarely lacking in L. glaberrima and L. microglossa). Disc florets 5–100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow to orangish (sometimes white in L. debilis), tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes (4–)5, deltate. Cypselae (black to gray) usually cylindric to obovoid, glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillate (flattened, margins fringed with blunt, curved hairs in L. chrysantha); pappi 0, or of 1–12 erose, fimbriate, or laciniate, truncate or aristate scales (sometimes 2 kinds in combination on single cypselae). x = 8.
Distribution
w North America, nw Mexico, South America (Chile).
Discussion
Species 18 (17 in the flora).
Lasthenias occur in a wide variety of habitats; some are particularly conspicuous members of vernal-pool floras. The characteristic rich, golden yellow color of Lasthenia gracilis can be seen to cover thousands of hectares of grasslands and open woodlands in early spring, giving the genus its common name. Relatively few taxa are widely distributed; most have relatively restricted distributions. Some are considered to be of conservation concern.
Lasthenia glaberrima, L. kunthii, L. maritima, and L. microglossa are self-pollinating; the rest are self-incompatible, obligate outcrossers. Lasthenia ornduffii and two subspecies of L. californica are perennial; the rest are spring annuals. It is not uncommon to find two Lasthenia species growing more or less sympatrically (in discrete populations).
Most lasthenias show a wide latitude of morphologic response to environmental conditions. Growth of individual plants of Lasthenia is robust in good conditions; in unfavorable conditions, single stems terminating in relatively small heads with relatively few florets are produced. Other morphologic characters such as the degree of leaf dissection, leaf margin, and pappus elements sometimes are plastic.
Circumscriptions of taxa here are based on R. Ornduff (1966b) with realignments proposed by R. Chan (2000). Sections are characterized by morphology, chromosome numbers, biochemistry, ecology, and molecular data.
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Key
| 1 | Phyllaries connate 2/3+ their lengths | > 2 |
| 1 | Phyllaries distinct or connate 1/4–1/2 their lengths | > 3 |
| 2 | Cypselae epappose | Lasthenia sect. Hologymne |
| 2 | Cypselae pappose | Lasthenia sect. Lasthenia |
| 3 | Leaves entire or ± toothed (not pinnatifid); corolla floral pigments turning deep red in dilute aqueous alkali | > 4 |
| 3 | Leaves (especially midstem) usually 1(–2)-pinnately lobed or -pinnatifid, sometimes entire; corolla floral pigments remaining yellow in dilute aqueous alkali | > 5 |
| 4 | Ray laminae 2.5–16 mm; receptacles usually narrowly conic to conic (subulate in L. leptalea, ray laminae 2.5–5 mm) | Lasthenia sect. Amphiachaenia |
| 4 | Ray laminae 0–1 mm (and anther appendages eglandular), or 3–5 mm; receptacles subulate | Lasthenia sect. Burrielia |
| 5 | Cypselae to 1.5 mm | Lasthenia sect. Ornduffia |
| 5 | Cypselae 1.5–3.5 mm | > 6 |
| 6 | Cypselae pappose (pappi of 4–6 lanceolate to ovate, aristate scales) | Lasthenia sect. Platycarpha |
| 6 | Cypselae epappose or pappose (pappi of 2–12 lanceolate, ovate, subulate, aristate scales, sometimes plus 4–5+ shorter, truncate, fimbriate, or laciniate scales) | Lasthenia sect. Ptilomeris |