familyAsteraceae
tribeAsteraceae tribe Heliantheae
subtribeAsteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae
genusXanthium
speciesXanthium strumarium

Difference between revisions of "Xanthium strumarium"

Linnaeus

Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753.

John L. Strother
Common names: Cocklebur lampourde glouteron
Illustrated
Synonyms: Xanthium americanum Walter Xanthium chasei Fernald Xanthium chinense Miller Xanthium curvescens Millspaugh & Sherff Xanthium cylindricum Millspaugh & Fernald Xanthium echinatum Murray Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydberg Xanthium globosum C. Schull Xanthium inflexum Mackenzie & Bush Xanthium italicum Moretti Xanthium orientale Linnaeus Xanthium oviforme Wallroth Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallroth Xanthium speciosum Kearney Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Miller) Torrey & A. Gray Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (de Candolle) Cronquist Xanthium varians Xanthium wootonii
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 19.
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}}
 
}}
 
|common_names=Cocklebur;lampourde glouteron
 
|common_names=Cocklebur;lampourde glouteron
 +
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
 +
|code=F
 +
|label=Illustrated
 +
}}
 
|basionyms=
 
|basionyms=
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium americanum
 
|name=Xanthium americanum
 
|authority=Walter
 
|authority=Walter
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium chasei
 
|name=Xanthium chasei
 
|authority=Fernald
 
|authority=Fernald
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium chinense
 
|name=Xanthium chinense
 
|authority=Miller
 
|authority=Miller
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium curvescens
 
|name=Xanthium curvescens
 
|authority=Millspaugh & Sherff
 
|authority=Millspaugh & Sherff
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium cylindricum
 
|name=Xanthium cylindricum
 
|authority=Millspaugh & Fernald
 
|authority=Millspaugh & Fernald
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium echinatum
 
|name=Xanthium echinatum
 
|authority=Murray
 
|authority=Murray
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium echinellum
 
|name=Xanthium echinellum
 
|authority=Greene ex Rydberg
 
|authority=Greene ex Rydberg
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium globosum
 
|name=Xanthium globosum
 
|authority=C. Schull
 
|authority=C. Schull
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium inflexum
 
|name=Xanthium inflexum
 
|authority=Mackenzie & Bush
 
|authority=Mackenzie & Bush
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium italicum
 
|name=Xanthium italicum
 
|authority=Moretti
 
|authority=Moretti
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium orientale
 
|name=Xanthium orientale
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium oviforme
 
|name=Xanthium oviforme
 
|authority=Wallroth
 
|authority=Wallroth
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium pensylvanicum
 
|name=Xanthium pensylvanicum
 
|authority=Wallroth
 
|authority=Wallroth
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium speciosum
 
|name=Xanthium speciosum
 
|authority=Kearney
 
|authority=Kearney
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. canadense
 
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. canadense
 
|authority=(Miller) Torrey & A. Gray
 
|authority=(Miller) Torrey & A. Gray
 +
|rank=variety
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum
 
|name=Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum
 
|authority=(de Candolle) Cronquist
 
|authority=(de Candolle) Cronquist
 +
|rank=variety
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium varians
 
|name=Xanthium varians
−
|authority=unknown
+
|authority=
 +
|rank=species
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
 
|name=Xanthium wootonii
 
|name=Xanthium wootonii
−
|authority=unknown
+
|authority=
 +
|rank=species
 
}}
 
}}
 
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium;Xanthium strumarium
 
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae;Xanthium;Xanthium strumarium
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-->{{#Taxon:
 
-->{{#Taxon:
 
name=Xanthium strumarium
 
name=Xanthium strumarium
−
|author=
 
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 
|authority=Linnaeus
 
|rank=species
 
|rank=species
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|publication title=Sp. Pl.
 
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
 
|publication year=1753
 
|publication year=1753
−
|special status=
+
|special status=Illustrated
−
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/8f726806613d60c220dc4493de13607dd3150896/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_27.xml
+
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_27.xml
 
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
 
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
 
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae
 
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Ambrosiinae

Latest revision as of 20:11, 5 November 2020

Please click on the illustration for a higher resolution version.
Illustrator: Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey

Copyright: Flora of North America Association

Plants 10–80(–200) cm; nodal spines 0. Leaves: petioles 20–100(–140+) mm; blades suborbiculate to ± pentagonal or deltate, 4–12(–18+) × 3–10(–18+) cm, sometimes palmately 3–5-lobed, abaxial faces green, hirtellous. Burs 10–30+ mm. 2n = 36.


Phenology: Flowering Jul–Oct.
Habitat: Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture
Elevation: 10–2000 m

Distribution

V21-27-distribution-map.gif

Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, Central America, South America, widely introduced in Old World.

Discussion

Recognition of a dozen or more taxa (treated as species, subspecies, varieties, and/or forms) has been proposed for plants treated together here as Xanthium strumarium. Bases for the various taxa mostly involved subtle differences in the burs.

Selected References

None.

Lower Taxa

None.
... more about "Xanthium strumarium"
RDF feed
Author
John L. Strother +
Authority
Linnaeus +
Common name
Cocklebur +  and lampourde glouteron +
Distribution
Alta. +, B.C. +, Man. +, N.B. +, N.S. +, Ont. +, P.E.I. +, Que. +, Sask. +, Ala. +, Alaska +, Ariz. +, Ark. +, Calif. +, Colo. +, Conn. +, Del. +, D.C. +, Fla. +, Ga. +, Idaho +, Ill. +, Ind. +, Iowa +, Kans. +, Ky. +, La. +, Maine +, Md. +, Mass. +, Mich. +, Minn. +, Miss. +, Mo. +, Mont. +, Nebr. +, Nev. +, N.H. +, N.J. +, N.Mex. +, N.Y. +, N.C. +, N.Dak. +, Ohio +, Okla. +, Oreg. +, Pa. +, R.I. +, S.C. +, S.Dak. +, Tenn. +, Tex. +, Utah +, Vt. +, Va. +, Wash. +, W.Va. +, Wis. +, Wyo. +, Mexico +, Central America +, South America +  and widely introduced in Old World. +
Elevation
10–2000 m +
Habitat
Damp or seasonally wet, often alkaline, soils, waste places, margins of agriculture +
Illustration
Present +
Illustration copyright
Flora of North America Association +
Illustrator
Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey +
Number of lower taxa
0 +
Phenology
Flowering Jul–Oct. +
Publication title
Sp. Pl. +
Publication year
1753 +
Reference
None +
Source xml
https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse grained fna xml/V19-20-21/V21 27.xml +
Special status
Illustrated +
Synonyms
Xanthium americanum +, Xanthium chasei +, Xanthium chinense +, Xanthium curvescens +, Xanthium cylindricum +, Xanthium echinatum +, Xanthium echinellum +, Xanthium globosum +, Xanthium inflexum +, Xanthium italicum +, Xanthium orientale +, Xanthium oviforme +, Xanthium pensylvanicum +, Xanthium speciosum +, Xanthium strumarium var. canadense +, Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum +, Xanthium varians +  and Xanthium wootonii +
Taxon family
Asteraceae +
Taxon name
Xanthium strumarium +
Taxon parent
Xanthium +
Taxon rank
species +
Volume
Volume 21 +