Difference between revisions of "Chrysobalanaceae"
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--><p>Chrysobalanaceae was traditionally considered a subfamily of the <i>Rosaceae</i>. Family status is supported by morphology (G. T. Prance 1972; Prance and C. A. Sothers 2003) and molecular data, which place it as a member of the Malpighiales and thus not closely related to the <i>Rosaceae</i> (see, for example, M. W. Chase et al. 1993; N. Korotkova et al. 2009; K. Wurdack and C. C. Davis 2009). Only <i>Chrysobalanus icaco</i> is important commercially; it is planted as an ornamental and its fruits are eaten raw or bottled in syrup and sold (A. Cronquist 1981).</p> | --><p>Chrysobalanaceae was traditionally considered a subfamily of the <i>Rosaceae</i>. Family status is supported by morphology (G. T. Prance 1972; Prance and C. A. Sothers 2003) and molecular data, which place it as a member of the Malpighiales and thus not closely related to the <i>Rosaceae</i> (see, for example, M. W. Chase et al. 1993; N. Korotkova et al. 2009; K. Wurdack and C. C. Davis 2009). Only <i>Chrysobalanus icaco</i> is important commercially; it is planted as an ornamental and its fruits are eaten raw or bottled in syrup and sold (A. Cronquist 1981).</p> | ||
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| + | |id=prance1970a | ||
| + | |text=Prance, G. T. 1970. The genera of Chrysobalanaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 51: 521–528. | ||
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| + | |id=prance1972a | ||
| + | |text=Prance, G. T. 1972. Chrysobalanaceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica. 1968+. Flora Neotropica. 109+ nos. New York. No. 9. | ||
| + | }}{{Treatment/Reference | ||
| + | |id=prance2003a | ||
| + | |text=Prance, G. T. and C. A. Sothers. 2003. Chrysobalanaceae. In: Australian Biological Resources Study. 1999+. Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. 11+ parts. Canberra. Parts 9, 10. | ||
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|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association | |illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association | ||
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia. | |distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;s Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia. | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:18, 5 November 2020
Shrubs or trees, tardily deciduous to evergreen. Leaves alternate (2-ranked), simple; stipules present; petiole present, short; blade often coriaceous, margins entire or remotely toothed; venation pinnate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, thyrses [cymes, racemes, or panicles]. Flowers bisexual; perianth and androecium perigynous; hypanthium free, well developed, densely hairy on both surfaces; sepals 5, distinct; petals [0 or 4–]5, distinct; nectary present, lining hypanthium; stamens [2–]14–22[–300], connate basally to proximally [distinct], free; anthers versatile, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 3-carpellate with 1 [rarely 2–3] carpel developing, ovary superior, 1[–3]-locular, placentation basal; ovules 2 per locule, anatropous; style 1, basal; stigmas [1] 3. Fruits drupes. Seeds 1 per fruit.
Distribution
se United States, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, s Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia.
Discussion
Genera 18, species ca. 530 (2 genera, 2 species in the flora).
Chrysobalanaceae was traditionally considered a subfamily of the Rosaceae. Family status is supported by morphology (G. T. Prance 1972; Prance and C. A. Sothers 2003) and molecular data, which place it as a member of the Malpighiales and thus not closely related to the Rosaceae (see, for example, M. W. Chase et al. 1993; N. Korotkova et al. 2009; K. Wurdack and C. C. Davis 2009). Only Chrysobalanus icaco is important commercially; it is planted as an ornamental and its fruits are eaten raw or bottled in syrup and sold (A. Cronquist 1981).
Selected References
Lower Taxa
Illustrations
Key
| 1 | Shrubs or trees, 1–5 m; leaf blades broadly elliptic, broadly ovate, or broadly obovate, length 1.2–1.5 times width; stamen filaments densely hairy proximally; endocarps longitudinally ribbed. | Chrysobalanus |
| 1 | Shrubs, to 0.3(–0.5) m; leaf blades oblanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong, length 2.5–3.5 times width; stamen filaments glabrous; endocarps not longitudinally ribbed. | Licania |