View source for Schoenoplectus californicus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Schoenoplectus californicus
|accepted_authority=(C. A. Meyer) Soják
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|place=140: 127. 1972
|year=1972
}}
|common_names=Southern bulrush;California bulrush;giant bulrush;tule
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W1
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Elytrospermum californicum
|authority=C. A. Meyer
|rank=species
|publication_title=Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser.
|publication_place=6, Sci.-Math. 1: 201, plate 2, fig. 2. 1830
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Scirpus californicus
|authority=(C. A. Meyer) Steudel
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Schoenoplectus;Schoenoplectus sect. Schoenoplectus;Schoenoplectus californicus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Schoenoplectus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Schoenoplectus sect. Schoenoplectus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Schoenoplectus californicus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 45, 46, 48
|treatment_page=page 50
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Rhizomes </b>10–15 mm diam. <b>Culms</b> bluntly trigonous with nearly flat sides throughout to cylindric proximally, obscurely trigonous distally, 1–4 m × 4–10 mm, smooth. <b>Leaves</b> 3–4, basal, ca. 1/6 culm length; sheath fronts coarsely pinnate-fibrillose; blades 0–1, dorsiventrally flat, not more than 1/2 sheath length, distal blade to 20 × 2 mm. <b>Inflorescences</b> 3 or more times branched, branches to 21 cm; proximal bract usually erect, obtusely trigonous to subcylindric-channeled, 1–8 cm, margins often scabridulous. <b>Spikelets</b> 25–150+, solitary and in clusters of 2 or more, 5–11 × 3 mm; scales orange-brown, brightly lineolate-spotted, broadly oval, 2.5 × 2 mm, margins ciliolate, flanks veinless, apex rounded, notch 0.1–0.2 mm deep, awn not contorted, usually bent outward, 0.3 mm, sparsely scabrous. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth members 2–4, dark red-brown, thickly strap-shaped or trigonous, equaling achenes, fringed with brownish, soft, blunt hairs; anthers 1.5 mm; styles 2-fid. <b>Achenes</b> dark gray-brown when ripe, unequally biconvex or plano-convex, ovoid to obovoid, 1.8–2.2 × 1.3 mm; beak 0.2 mm. <b>2n</b> = 68.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Brackish to fresh marshes, shores, often emergent in water
|elevation=0–1400 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;Kans.;La.;Miss.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (s to Argentina;Chile);Pacific Islands (Cook Islands;Easter Island;Hawaii);New Zealand.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p><i>Schoenoplectus californicus</i> forms sterile hybrids with <i>S. acutus</i> in California (see 1. <i>S. tabernaemontani</i>) (S. G. Smith 1995). It reportedly occurs in Pope County, Illinois, although I have not seen a specimen.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Schoenoplectus californicus
|authority=(C. A. Meyer) Soják
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Scirpus californicus
|basionyms=Elytrospermum californicum
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Brackish to fresh marshes, shores, often emergent in water
|elevation=0–1400 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;Kans.;La.;Miss.;Nev.;N.Mex.;N.C.;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America (s to Argentina;Chile);Pacific Islands (Cook Islands;Easter Island;Hawaii);New Zealand.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír.
|publication year=1972
|special status=W1;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_70.xml
|genus=Schoenoplectus
|section=Schoenoplectus sect. Schoenoplectus
|species=Schoenoplectus californicus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Schoenoplectus sect. Schoenoplectus]]