View source for Parnassia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Parnassia
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 273. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Grass of Parnassus;bog star;parnassie
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Celastraceae;Parnassia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Celastraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Parnassia]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek Parnassos, alluding to fabled origin on slopes of Mount Parnassus
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 111, 112, 114
|treatment_page=page 113
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial with caudices or rarely rhizomes. <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched scapelike. <b>Leaves</b> basal in rosettes or 1–2 per node on rhizomes (<i>P. caroliniana</i>) and cauline (0–)1[–8], alternate; stipules absent; petiole present in basal leaves, usually absent in cauline leaf; blade margins entire; venation palmate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, flowers solitary. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, radially symmetric or ± asymmetric; perianth and androecium hypogynous or perigynous; hypanthium absent or completely adnate to ovary; sepals 5, connate proximally; petals 5, white [yellowish] with distinct yellowish or greenish or gray-brown veins, 3–22 mm, usually longer than sepals; nectary absent; stamens 5; staminodes 5, opposite petals, usually deeply divided, sometimes undivided, gland-tipped or glandular at apex [without glands]; pistil [3–]4[–5]-carpellate; ovary superior to 1/2 inferior, 1-locular, placentation parietal; style absent or essentially so; stigmas [3–]4[–5]; ovules 100–2000+. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, 1-locular, [3–]4[–5]-valved, ellipsoid to globose, apex not beaked. <b>Seeds</b> 100–2000+ per fruit, oblong, winged; aril absent. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Europe;Asia;nw Africa.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 70 (9 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The North American species of <i>Parnassia</i> usually occur in moist to wet sites on neutral to base-rich substrates, but <i>P. asarifolia</i> often occurs on acidic substrates.</p><!--
--><p>The treatment of <i>Parnassia cirrata</i> and <i>P. fimbriata</i> follows that proposed by R. B. Phillips (1980).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=phillips1980b
|text=Phillips, R. B. 1980. Systematics of Parnassia L. (Parnassiaceae): Generic Overview and Revision of North American Taxa. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petal margins fimbriate proximally; cauline leaf usually on middle to distal 1/2 of stem, rarely absent.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Staminodes irregularly divided into oblong, obtuse lobes, usually glandular at apex but tip not differentiated into distinct gland; sepal margins denticulate, erose, or short-fimbriate distally.
|[[Parnassia fimbriata|Parnassia fimbriata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Staminodes scalelike proximally, distally divided into gland-tipped filaments; sepal margins usually entire, rarely minutely denticulate distally.
|[[Parnassia cirrata|Parnassia cirrata]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petal margins entire or undulate; cauline leaf usually on proximal 1/2 to middle of stem or absent, rarely on distal 1/2.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Sepal margins not hyaline; staminodes unlobed or divided distally into 3–27 filaments.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petal lengths 1.5–2 times sepals; anthers 1.5–2.8 mm.
|[[Parnassia palustris|Parnassia palustris]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Petal lengths 0.8–1.5 times sepals; anthers 0.7–1.6 mm.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals 5–13-veined; staminodes with 5–7(–9) filaments; anthers 1–1.6 mm.
|[[Parnassia parviflora|Parnassia parviflora]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals usually 3-veined; staminodes unlobed or with 3–5 filaments; anthers 0.7–1 mm.
|[[Parnassia kotzebuei|Parnassia kotzebuei]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Sepal margins hyaline, mostly 0.2–0.5 mm wide; staminodes 3-fid almost to base.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades mostly wider than long; petal bases abruptly contracted to claw.
|[[Parnassia asarifolia|Parnassia asarifolia]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaf blades longer than to ca. as long as wide; petal bases cuneate to rounded.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Staminodes 4–7 mm, shorter than or ca. equaling stamens.
|[[Parnassia glauca|Parnassia glauca]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Staminodes 9–16 mm, longer than stamens.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Staminode glands elliptic to subglobose, 0.4–0.6 mm; plants with caudices; basal leaves in rosettes; ovaries green, sometimes whitish at base.
|[[Parnassia grandifolia|Parnassia grandifolia]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Staminode glands lanceolate, 1–1.7 mm; plants with creeping rhizomes; basal leaves 1–2 per node on rhizomes; ovaries white.
|[[Parnassia caroliniana|Parnassia caroliniana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Parnassia
|author=Peter W. Ball
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Celastraceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;Europe;Asia;nw Africa.
|reference=phillips1980b
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_240.xml
|genus=Parnassia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Celastraceae]]