View source for Matricaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Matricaria
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 890. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 380. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Mayweed;chamomile;matricary;matricaire;chamomille
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Chamomilla
|authority=Gray
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae;Matricaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Matricaria]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek matrix, womb, and - aria, pertaining to; alluding to reputed medicinal properties
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 31, 48, 53, 68, 487, 488, 541, 548
|treatment_page=page 540
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals,</b> (1–)10–25(–80) cm (taprooted; often aromatic). <b>Stems</b> 1–10+, usually erect or ascending, sometimes decumbent, branched or not, glabrous or glabrate to sparsely hairy (hairs basifixed). <b>Leaves</b> (not marcescent) basal (soon withering) and cauline; alternate; subpetiolate or sessile; blades spatulate to oblong or ovate (bases sheathing or clasping, often pinnately auriculate), (1–)2–3-pinnately lobed (lobes linear, often curved distally), ultimate margins entire (± recurved), mucronate, faces glabrous or glabrate to sparsely hairy (hairs basifixed). <b>Heads</b> radiate or discoid, borne singly or in open, corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> patelliform, 4–14 mm diam. <b>Phyllaries</b> persistent, 25–50 in [2–]3–4[–5] series, distinct, oblong or ovate to spatulate or linear-spatulate (membranous, not carinate, bases not indurate), subequal, margins and apices (hyaline) scarious (apices rounded to obtuse). <b>Receptacles</b> conic to oblong-ovoid [subulate] (hollow), epaleate. <b>Ray</b> florets 0 or 10–22, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, laminae elliptic-ovate. <b>Disc</b> florets 120–750+, bisexual, fertile; corollas (persisting in fruit, often slightly asymmetric, sometimes with scattered, sessile, golden glands) yellow to greenish yellow or yellowish green, tubes (± dilated), throats urceolate to campanulate, lobes 4–5 (spreading), deltate [with resin sacs]. <b>Cypselae</b> obconic, slightly compressed (usually asymmetric, apices oblique), ribs [3–]5, faces glabrous, smooth between ribs (pericarps sometimes with myxogenic cells abaxially and/or in ribs; embryo sac development monosporic); pappi 0, coroniform, or (sometimes on ray cypselae) adaxial auricles. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;North Africa;some species widespread weeds in the southern hemisphere.
|discussion=<p>Species 7 (3 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Matricaria</i> has been confused with <i>Tripleurospermum</i> (see discussion under the latter). Typification of <i>Matricaria</i> was discussed by K. Bremer and C. J. Humphries (1993), who rejected the arguments of S. Rauschert (1974) in favor of the use of Chamomilla over <i>Matricaria</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Heads radiate (ray corollas white); disc corollas yellow to greenish yellow, lobes 5; cypselae 0.75–0.9 mm; pappi usually 0, sometimes coroniform (entire or lobed) or (on ray cypselae) each a toothed auricle
|[[Matricaria chamomilla|Matricaria chamomilla]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Heads discoid; disc corollas greenish yellow, lobes 4(–5); cypselae 1–1.5 mm (ribs, at least 2 lateral, each with longitudinal mucilage gland); pappi coroniform, entire or lobed
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Heads (1–)4–50(–300); discs 4–7(–11) × 4–7.5(–10) mm; cypselae: 2 lateral ribs each with mucilage gland along ± entire length; pappi coroniform, entire; plants aromatic (pineapple odor when bruised); stems 1–10+, usually erect or ascending, sometimes decumbent, branched from bases
|[[Matricaria discoidea|Matricaria discoidea]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Heads 1–15+; discs 5–12.5 × 6–14 mm; cypselae: 2 lateral ribs each with mucilage gland in distal 1/2 (glands expanding into lobes); pappi coroniform, lobed (lobes 2, abaxio-lateral); plants not notably aromatic; stems usually erect, sometimes ascending, simple or branched mostly distally, sometimes proximally (then ascending)
|[[Matricaria occidentalis|Matricaria occidentalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Matricaria
|author=Luc Brouillet
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Chamomilla
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=North America;Eurasia;North Africa;some species widespread weeds in the southern hemisphere.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_940.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae
|genus=Matricaria
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Anthemideae]]