View source for Helianthus tuberosus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Helianthus tuberosus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 905. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Jerusalem artichoke;topinambour
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus tomentosus
|authority=Michaux
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Helianthus tuberosus var. subcanescens
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae;Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae;Helianthus;Helianthus tuberosus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subtribe</small>[[Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Helianthus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Helianthus tuberosus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 21
|mention_page=page 147, 159, 160, 162
|treatment_page=page 161
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Perennials,</b> 50–200+ cm (rhizomatous, producing tubers late in growing season). <b>Stems</b> erect, scabro-hispid to hirsute (sometimes glaucous). <b>Leaves</b> mostly cauline; opposite or alternate proximally, usually alternate distally; petioles 2–8 cm (often ± winged); blades (3-nerved from near bases) lanceolate to ovate, 10–23 × 7–15 cm, bases broadly to narrowly cuneate, margins entire or serrate (flat), abaxial faces puberulent or hirsutulous to tomentulose and gland-dotted (abaxial) or ± scabrous (adaxial). <b>Heads</b> 3–15. <b>Peduncles</b> 1–15 cm. <b>Involucres</b> hemispheric, (10–25 ×) 8–12 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> (often dark green, drying nearly black) 22–35 (bases appressed, apices ± spreading, sometimes reflexed in fruit), lanceolate, 8.5–15 × 2–4 mm (subequal), (margins ciliate) apices acuminate, abaxial faces hispidulous or puberulent, gland-dotted. <b>Paleae</b> 8–9 mm, 3-toothed (apices hairy). <b>Ray</b> florets 10–20; laminae 25–40 mm. <b>Disc</b> florets 60+; corollas 6–7 mm, lobes yellow; anthers dark brown or black, appendages dark or yellowish. <b>Cypselae</b> 5–7 mm, glabrous or distally hairy; pappi of 2 aristate scales 1.9–3 mm plus 0–1 deltate scales 0.5–0.8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 102.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering late summer–fall.
|habitat=Roadsides, fields, waste areas
|elevation=0–1000(–1500) m
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;cultivated and adventive in Europe.
|discussion=<p><i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> is variable, probably in part stemming from hybridization with other polyploids, including <i>H. pauciflorus</i>, <i>H. resinosus</i>, and <i>H. strumosus</i>. <i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> is so widely spread as a weedy species that its original distribution is difficult to discern. It has been used as a food plant for its tubers by native Americans (although not necessarily domesticated or even cultivated); it has been developed as a crop primarily in Europe, where it has become widely naturalized. The common name Jerusalem artichoke is a misnomer, as explained by C. B. Heiser (1976).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Helianthus tuberosus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Helianthus tomentosus;Helianthus tuberosus var. subcanescens
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering late summer–fall.
|habitat=Roadsides, fields, waste areas
|elevation=0–1000(–1500) m
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ark.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;cultivated and adventive in Europe.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V21_389.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Heliantheae
|subtribe=Asteraceae (tribe Heliantheae) subtribe Helianthinae
|genus=Helianthus
|species=Helianthus tuberosus
}}<!--

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