View source for Hamamelis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Hamamelis
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 124. 175
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 59. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Witch-hazel
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bikukulla
|authority=Adanson
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Hamamelidaceae;Hamamelis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Hamamelidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Hamamelis]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek name used by Hippocrates for medlar, Mespilus germanica Linnaeus
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, suckering or bearing stolons, not aromatic and resinous; twigs, young leaves, and flower buds stellate-pubescent. <b>Bark</b> gray to gray-brown, smooth or slightly roughened. <b>Dormant</b> buds naked, stellate-pubescent; terminal bud and 1 of each pair of lateral buds stalked, with 2 subtending scales. <b>Leaves</b> short-petiolate. <b>Leaf</b> blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, (1-)3(-5)-flowered, stalked clusters. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual, appearing before or with leaves; calyx lobes 4, reflexed, adnate to ovary; petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed; stamens 4, very short within cup; anthers introrse, dehiscing by 2 valves hinged adaxially on connective; staminodes 4, opposite petals, bearing nectar; styles 2, subulate, spreading to recurved. <b>Capsules</b> solitary or 2-3 together, fused with persistent tubular calyx, stylar beaks very short, loculicidally 2-valved, woody, appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent. <b>Seeds</b> 2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. <b>x</b> = 12.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia.
|discussion=<p>Species 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>In <i>Hamamelis</i>, the explosively dehiscent capsules may eject the seeds to 10 m. The Japanese species H. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, with reddish to yellow flowers, suggests an affinity with <i>H. vernalis</i>. Both Asian species, H. japonica and <i>H. mollis</i> Oliver of China, and the hybrid H. ×intermedia Rehder (= H. japonica × <i>H. mollis</i>), with a number of cultivars, are widely cultivated.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=bradford1977a
|text=Bradford, J. L. and D. L. Marsh. 1977. Comparative studies of the witch hazels Hamamelis virginiana and H. vernalis. Proc. Arkansas Acad. Sci. 31: 29-31.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fulling1953a
|text=Fulling, E. H. 1953. American witch hazel--History, nomenclature, and modern utilization. Econ. Bot. 7(4): 359-389.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=jenne1966a
|text=Jenne, G. E. 1966. A Study of Variation in North American Hamamelis L. (Hamamelidaceae). M.S. thesis. Vanderbilt University.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sargent-a
|text=Sargent, C. S. [1902-]1905-1913. Trees and Shrubs.... 2 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 2, pp. 137-138.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sargent1890b
|text=Sargent, C. S. 1890-1902. The Silva of North America.... 14 vols. Boston and New York. Vol. 5, pp. 3-5.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=shoemaker1905a
|text=Shoemaker, D. N. 1905. On the development of Hamamelis virginiana. Bot. Gaz. 39: 248-266.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=steven1983a
|text=Steven, D. 1983. Floral ecology of witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana). Michigan Bot. 22(4): 163-171.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=steyermark1934a
|text=Steyermark, J. A. 1934. Hamamelis virginiana in Missouri. Rhodora 36: 97-100.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=steyermark1963a
|text=Steyermark, J. A. 1963. Flora of Missouri. Ames.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers appearing in autumn, faintly fragrant; petals pale to deep yellow, rarely reddish, 10–20 mm; staminodes conspicuously dilated; leaves not persistent in winter, blade broad-elliptic to nearly rounded or obovate, base strongly oblique and rounded, sometimes somewhat cuneate, surfaces abaxially pale green, not glaucous; plants suckering.
|[[Hamamelis virginiana|Hamamelis virginiana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Flowers appearing in winter, distinctly fragrant; petals reddish or deep red to orange, occasionally yellow, 7–10 mm; staminodes not dilated or slightly so; leaves often persistent in winter, blade mostly obovate, base narrowed to somewhat cuneate, rarely rounded, weakly oblique, surfaces often abaxially glaucous; plants stoloniferous
|[[Hamamelis vernalis|Hamamelis vernalis]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Hamamelis
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Bikukulla
|basionyms=
|family=Hamamelidaceae
|distribution=Temperate regions;e North America;e Asia.
|reference=bradford1977a;fulling1953a;jenne1966a;sargent-a;sargent1890b;shoemaker1905a;steven1983a;steyermark1934a;steyermark1963a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_421.xml
|genus=Hamamelis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Hamamelidaceae]]