View source for Frangula alnus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Frangula alnus
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|place=8, Frangula no. 1. 1768
|year=1768
}}
|common_names=Glossy buckthorn;European alder-buckthorn
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Rhamnus frangula
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sp. Pl.
|publication_place=1: 193. 1753
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Rhamnaceae;Frangula;Frangula alnus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rhamnaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Frangula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Frangula alnus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 43, 53
|treatment_page=page 59
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or small trees, 2–5(–7) m. <b>Stems</b> greenish to brown, sparsely puberulent, glabrescent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous; petiole 10–19 mm; blade dull green abaxially, glossy darker green adaxially, broadly elliptic-obovate to broadly elliptic or broadly oblong, 4–7(–11) cm, herbaceous, base cuneate to rounded, margins entire, apex rounded to acute or abruptly short-acuminate, abaxial surface sometimes minutely strigose along midveins, adaxial surface glabrous; secondary veins 6–10 pairs. <b>Inflorescences</b> fascicles, sessile, 1–8-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> 3–10 mm. <b>Stigmas</b> 2–3-lobed. <b>Drupes</b> black, globose or slightly elongate, 6–8 mm; stones 2(–3). <b>2n</b> = 20–26.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Sep.
|habitat=Alkaline and acid tamarack, red maple and cedar swamps, peatlands, bogs, fens, disturbed areas, riparian thickets, lakeshores, ditches, fencerows, hedgerows, low woods, beaver meadows.
|elevation=10–400 m.
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;introduced also in Asia (China;Russia);n Africa.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Two horticultural forms of <i>Frangula alnus</i> are widely sold and planted in North America. The cultivar 'Asplenifolia' (<i>F. alnus</i> var. asplenifolia Dippel; fern leaf or cutleaf buckthorn) has linear-oblong leaves with coarsely toothed to incised margins and commonly is grown as a specialty plant. The cultivar 'Columnaris' (tallhedge glossy buckthorn) has a narrow, upright habit and is used in hedging. Both forms were noted by M. H. Brand (http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/r/rhafra/rhafra1.html) to spread invasively by seeds. 'Asplenifolia' has been reported as naturalized in Ontario (A. W. Dugal 1989, 1992), Illinois (A. Branhagen, pers. comm.), and Ohio (M. K. Delong et al. 2005).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Frangula alnus
|authority=Miller
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Rhamnus frangula
|family=Rhamnaceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Sep.
|habitat=Alkaline and acid tamarack, red maple and cedar swamps, peatlands, bogs, fens, disturbed areas, riparian thickets, lakeshores, ditches, fencerows, hedgerows, low woods, beaver meadows.
|elevation=10–400 m.
|distribution=Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Colo.;Conn.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;Tenn.;Vt.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Europe;introduced also in Asia (China;Russia);n Africa.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|publication year=1768
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_26.xml
|genus=Frangula
|species=Frangula alnus
}}<!--

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