View source for Cypripedium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cypripedium
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 951. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 408. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Lady’s-slipper;moccasin-flower;cypripède;sabot de la Vierge
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Orchidaceae;Orchidaceae subfam. Cypripedioideae;Cypripedium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Orchidaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Orchidaceae subfam. Cypripedioideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cypripedium]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek Kypris, Aphrodite, and Latin pes, foot, perhaps an orthographic error for Greek pedilon, slipper
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 494, 495, 496, 497, 498
|treatment_page=page 499
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial. <b>Roots</b> closely to widely spaced along rhizome, slender, fleshy; rhizomes short to elongate. <b>Stems</b> leafy or scapose. <b>Leaves</b> alternate, in single radical pair, or subopposite near midpoint of stem, ascending to spreading, plicate, bases sheathing stem. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, solitary; flowers solitary or 2–several in lax racemose spike; bracts large, foliaceous. <b>Flowers</b> resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals usually connate proximal to lip forming synsepal; petals entire; lip inflated, slipper- or sac-shaped, with adaxial orifice; pollinaria absent; loose granular pollen in 2 lateral anthers, dorsal anther a large subapical staminode; stigma free, 2–3-lobed. <b>Fruits</b> capsules, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Primarily temperate Eurasia and North America;ranging from arctic to subtropics in East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 45 (12 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=cribb1997a
|text=Cribb, P. J. 1997. The Genus Cypripedium. Portland.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=sheviak1992a
|text=Sheviak, C. J. 1992. Natural hybridization between Cypripedium montanum and its yellow-lipped relatives. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61: 546–559.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip orifice a longitudinal fissure, length of lip; leaves 2, radical, stem a leafless scape.
|[[Cypripedium acaule|Cypripedium acaule]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lip orifice basal, 4–37 mm; leaves 2–several, cauline.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip appearing angular, adaxial surface swollen near middle, apex abruptly deflected downward; lateral sepals distinct.
|[[Cypripedium arietinum|Cypripedium arietinum]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Lip not angular, slender slipper-shaped to globose sac, apex not deflected; lateral sepals connate or nearly distinct.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves 2, subopposite to alternate, near midpoint of stem (very rarely, leaves 3, closely alternate near midpoint of stem); lip prominently marked reddish or brownish between veins.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaves 3 or more (very rarely 2), alternate on basal to middle portion of stem or along length; lip yellow, ivory, or white, without extensive markings between veins.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers (1–)2–4 in short nodding spike, dull yellow to reddish brown or dark purple, lip mostly 8–14(–25) mm.
|[[Cypripedium fasciculatum|Cypripedium fasciculatum]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers solitary, erect, white to yellowish or greenish, mottled with pink or brownish; lip 15–30 mm.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals slightly shorter than to equaling globose to obovate lip, constricted near apex, lanceolate-subpandurate in general outline; markings pink to magenta.
|[[Cypripedium guttatum|Cypripedium guttatum]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Petals much shorter than oblance-fusiform to oblance-ovate lip, constricted near middle, acuminate-subpandurate to pandurate in general outline; markings brownish or tan.
|[[Cypripedium yatabeanum|Cypripedium yatabeanum]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals flat, oblong to ovate, unmarked, white or green, yellow-green, or brownish.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Petals spirally twisted or undulate (rarely flat), linear-lanceolate, or rarely linear-oblong, spotted and striped (sometimes minutely so) or suffused with darker reddish brown or madder on yellowish or greenish ground color (rarely without markings).
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Flowers large; lip 25–53 mm.
|[[Cypripedium reginae|Cypripedium reginae]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Flowers small; lip 11–20 mm.
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Plants usually less than 35 cm; flowers 1(–2); lateral sepals nearly distinct to connate almost to apex.
|[[Cypripedium passerinum|Cypripedium passerinum]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Plants usually much more than 35 cm; flowers 3–18(–22); lateral sepals connate almost to apex.
|[[Cypripedium californicum|Cypripedium californicum]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lip orifice 27–37 mm; flowers very large; lip (41–)53–65 mm, ivory to pale yellow.
|[[Cypripedium kentuckiense|Cypripedium kentuckiense]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Lip orifice usually less than 23 mm (rarely to 27 mm, then lip deep yellow); flowers smaller; lip mostly 15–45 mm (rarely to 54 mm, then lip deep yellow), white or yellow.
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Lip white, rarely suffused with magenta; staminode lanceoloid or oblong-lanceoloid to ellipsoid.
|[[#key-0-11| > 11]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Lip white or yellow; staminode cordiform-ovoid, deltoid to lance-ovoid, or ovoid-oblong (rarely staminode narrower or ellipsoid, then lip yellow).
|[[#key-0-12| > 12]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Sepals and petals green or yellowish, usually spotted and striped with reddish brown or madder; dorsal sepal 15–35 mm; leaves lanceolate or elliptic to oblanceolate, ascending from insertions toward base or middle of stem.
|[[Cypripedium candidum|Cypripedium candidum]]
|-id=key-0-11
|11
|Sepals and petals suffused with reddish brown or madder; dorsal sepal 33–60 mm; leaves suborbiculate to ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, ascending to spreading, inserted toward base or scattered along stem.
|[[Cypripedium montanum|Cypripedium montanum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Lip white, 19–33 mm; sepals and petals suffused with reddish brown or madder, often intensely so (very rarely clear green), long and slender; dorsal sepal 33–60 mm, ratio of length to width 2.5–6.5; cordilleran.
|[[Cypripedium montanum|Cypripedium montanum]]
|-id=key-0-12
|12
|Lip yellow (very rarely white), 15–54 mm; sepals and petals suffused with reddish brown or madder or more commonly spotted and striped (often minutely so), rarely unmarked, short and broad to long and slender; dorsal sepal 19–80 mm, ratio of length to width 1.3–3.7; widespread.
|[[Cypripedium parviflorum|Cypripedium parviflorum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cypripedium
|author=Charles J. Sheviak
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Orchidaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|distribution=Primarily temperate Eurasia and North America;ranging from arctic to subtropics in East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America.
|reference=cribb1997a;sheviak1992a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_1018.xml
|subfamily=Orchidaceae subfam. Cypripedioideae
|genus=Cypripedium
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Orchidaceae subfam. Cypripedioideae]]