View source for Woodsia scopulina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Woodsia scopulina
|accepted_authority=D. C. Eaton
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. Sci.
|place=2: 91. 1865
|year=1865
}}
|common_names=Mountain cliff fern;woodsie des rochers
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Woodsia obtusa var. lyallii
|authority=Hooker
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Woodsia oregana var. lyallii
|authority=(Hooker) Boivin
}}
|hierarchy=Dryopteridaceae;Woodsia;Woodsia scopulina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Dryopteridaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Woodsia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Woodsia scopulina]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem architecture or arrangement;stem orientation;stem orientation;stem orientation;petiole base count;petiole base duration"><b>Stems </b>compact, erect to ascending, with few-to-many persistent petiole bases of unequal lengths;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="scale coloration;scale coloration;scale shape;scale shape;scale shape;central stripe coloration;margin coloration">scales uniformly brown or bicolored with dark central stripe and pale-brown margins, ovate to narrowly lanceolate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf length;leaf width"><b>Leaves </b>9–35 × 1–8 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="petiole coloration;petiole coloration;petiole coloration;petiole architecture;petiole fragility"><b>Petiole </b>usually reddish-brown to dark purple proximally when mature, not articulate above base, relatively brittle and easily shattered.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties=""><b>Blade </b>lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 2-pinnate proximally, moderately glandular, rarely somewhat viscid;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade architecture or shape;blade architecture or function or pubescence;blade coating;stalk width;tip architecture">most glandular-hairs with thick stalks and distinctly bulbous tips;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="glandular hair count;glandular hair architecture">rachis usually with abundant glandular and nonglandular hairs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="pinna shape;pinna shape;pinna shape;pinna length or size;pinna shape;pinna shape;apex shape;apex shape"><b>Pinnae </b>lanceolate-deltate to ovate, longer than wide, abruptly tapered to a rounded or broadly acute apex, occasionally attenuate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="pair count">largest pinnae with 5–14 pairs of pinnules;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="abaxial and adaxial surface architecture or function or pubescence;abaxial and adaxial surface pubescence;hair shape;hair architecture;hair arrangement or density">abaxial and adaxial surfaces glandular and sparsely villous, with flattened, multicellular hairs concentrated along midribs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="pinnule architecture or shape;pinnule shape"><b>Pinnules </b>dentate, often shallowly lobed;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="margin reflectance;margin width;margin architecture or function or pubescence;margin architecture or pubescence or shape;hair arrangement;hair architecture;projection count;projection coloration or reflectance">margins nonlustrous, thin, slightly glandular and occasionally ciliate with isolated, multicellular hairs, lacking translucent projections.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="vein tip size;vein tip prominence"><b>Vein </b>tips slightly (if at all) enlarged, barely visible adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="indusium architecture or arrangement;indusium architecture or arrangement;indusium prominence;segment texture;cell architecture or shape;sporangium life cycle"><b>Indusia </b>of filamentous or nonfilamentous segments, these multiseriate proximally, often uniseriate distally, composed of ± isodiametric cells, concealed by or slightly surpassing mature sporangia.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s14" data-properties=""><b>Spores </b>averaging 39–57 µm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Only in the flora.
|discussion=<p>Woodsia scopulina shows substantial variation in leaf size, shape, and dissection, and in the abundance of multicellular hairs on the pinnae. Although much of this variation seems to be environmentally induced, recent studies (M. D. Windham 1993) have identified three chromosomal/morphologic variants that are treated here as subspecies. Diploid populations of W. scopulina are divisible into two groups, one of which (subsp. scopulina) is scattered throughout the mountainous regions of western North America while the other (subsp. appalachiana) is confined to montane habitats in the southeastern United States. These taxa seem amply distinct (T. M. C. Taylor 1947) and might be considered separate species if not for the existence of populations in the Great Lakes region and western cordillera that tend to bridge the morphologic and geographic gap between them. These intermediate populations (subsp. laurentiana) appear to be uniformly tetraploid and may have arisen through ancient hybridization between subsp. scopulina and subsp. appalachiana. In regions where subsp. laurentiana is sympatric with subsp. scopulina, the two taxa are rarely found growing together, suggesting that they differ in their ecological tolerances and/or habitat requirements.</p><!--
--><p>Subspecies 3.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Scales of stems and petiole bases narrowly lanceolate, mostly bicolored with broad, usually continuous, dark central stripe; longest hairs on pinnae composed of 5-8 cells; indusial segments broad, not at all filamentous.
|[[Woodsia scopulina subsp. appalachiana|Woodsia scopulina subsp. appalachiana]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Scales of stem and petiole bases ovate-lanceolate, mostly concolored or weakly bicolored with narrow, often discontinuous, dark central stripe; longest hairs on pinnae composed of 2-5 cells; indusial segments narrow, often filamentous distally.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spores averaging 42-50 µm; stem and petiole base scales usually concolored or with a few isolated, dark, occluded cells.
|[[Woodsia scopulina subsp. scopulina|Woodsia scopulina subsp. scopulina]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Spores averaging 50-57 µm; at least some stem and petiole base scales with clusters of dark, occluded cells near center forming narrow, usually discontinuous stripe.
|[[Woodsia scopulina subsp. laurentiana|Woodsia scopulina subsp. laurentiana]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Woodsia scopulina
|author=
|authority=D. C. Eaton
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Woodsia obtusa var. lyallii;Woodsia oregana var. lyallii
|basionyms=
|family=Dryopteridaceae
|distribution=Only in the flora.
|reference=None
|publication title=Canad. Naturalist & Quart. J. Sci.
|publication year=1865
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_704.xml
|genus=Woodsia
|species=Woodsia scopulina
|abaxial and adaxial surface architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|abaxial and adaxial surface pubescence=villous
|apex shape=acute;rounded
|blade architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|blade architecture or shape=2-pinnate
|blade coating=viscid
|blade shape=lanceolate;linear-lanceolate
|cell architecture or shape=isodiametric
|central stripe coloration=dark
|glandular hair architecture=nonglandular
|glandular hair count=abundant
|hair architecture=multicellular;multicellular
|hair arrangement=isolated
|hair arrangement or density=concentrated
|hair shape=flattened
|indusium architecture or arrangement=uniseriate;multiseriate
|indusium prominence=concealed
|leaf length=9cm;35cm
|leaf width=1cm;8cm
|margin architecture or function or pubescence=glandular
|margin architecture or pubescence or shape=ciliate
|margin coloration=pale-brown
|margin reflectance=nonlustrous
|margin width=thin
|pair count=5;14
|petiole architecture=not articulate
|petiole base count=few-to-many
|petiole base duration=persistent
|petiole coloration=usually reddish-brown;dark purple
|petiole fragility=brittle
|pinna length or size=longer than wide
|pinna shape=attenuate;tapered;lanceolate-deltate;ovate
|pinnule architecture or shape=dentate
|pinnule shape=lobed
|projection coloration or reflectance=translucent
|projection count=lacking
|scale coloration=bicolored;brown
|scale shape=ovate;narrowly lanceolate
|segment texture=filamentous
|sporangium life cycle=mature
|stalk width=thick
|stem architecture or arrangement=compact
|stem orientation=erect;ascending
|tip architecture=bulbous
|vein tip prominence=visible
|vein tip size=enlarged
}}<!--

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