View source for Cupressus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cupressus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1002. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 435, 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Cypress
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Cupressaceae;Cupressus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cupressaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cupressus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin name of C. sempervirens
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="tree duration;shrub size;shrub duration"><b>Trees </b>or large shrubs evergreen.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties="branchlet shape;branchlet shape;array arrangement"><b>Branchlets </b>terete or quadrangular, in decussate arrays (or partially comblike in Cupressus macnabiana).</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="leaf arrangement;rank count"><b>Leaves </b>opposite in 4 ranks.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="leaf life cycle;leaf fixation or orientation;leaf arrangement;leaf shape;leaf shape;portion fusion"><b>Adult </b>leaves appressed to divergent, scalelike, rhomboid, free portion of long-shoot leaves to 4 mm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="abaxial gland count;abaxial gland count">abaxial gland present or absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="pair count;pollen-sac count"><b>Pollen </b>cones with 4–10 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 3–10 pollen-sacs.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="seed-cone life cycle;seed-cone duration;seed-cone condition;seed-cone shape;seed-cone shape;seed-cone distance;year count;year count"><b>Seed-</b>cones maturing in 1–2 years, generally persisting closed many years or until opened by fire, globose or oblong, 1–4 cm;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="scale duration;scale count;scale arrangement or dehiscence;scale architecture;scale width;scale texture">scales persistent, 3–6 pairs, valvate, peltate, thick and woody.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="seed count;seed shape;seed shape;seed architecture"><b>Seeds </b>5–20 per scale, lenticular or faceted, narrowly 2-winged;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">cotyledons 2–5.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="cotyledon count;x chromosome count">x = 11.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Warm north temperate regions.
|discussion=<p>The genus Cupressus in North America consists mainly of small, disjunct, relictual populations, many differing from related populations in color and size of leaves and seeds, activity of leaf glands, glaucousness of various parts, form of growth, and characteristics of bark. Disagreements on the number and rank of taxa reflect these variations. This treatment, with seven taxa, approaches the more conservative end of a spectrum; anywhere from 6 to 15 taxa—species, subspecies, and varieties—might be accepted in the flora. The taxonomy of the genus would benefit from detailed studies of variation in and among populations (cf. J. F. Goggans and C. E. Posey 1968).</p><!--
--><p>The Mediterranean Cupressus sempervirens Linnaeus, usually with a fastigiate habit, is commonly cultivated in California, often away from dwellings, but it does not appear to have become naturalized. Other introduced Eurasian and Mexican species are clearly associated with cultivated landscapes.</p><!--
--><p>Species 10–26 (7 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=goggans1968a
|text=Goggans, J. F. and C. E. Posey. 1968. Variation in seeds and ovulate cones of some species and varieties of Cupressus. Circ. Agric. Exp. Sta., Alabama 160: 1--23.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=little1966a
|text=Little, E. L. Jr. 1966. Varietal transfers in Cupressus and Chamaecyparis. Madroño 18: 161--167.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=little1970a
|text=Little, E. L. Jr. 1970. Names of New World cypresses (Cupressus). Phytologia 20: 429--445.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=silba1981a
|text=Silba, J. 1981. Revision of Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 49: 390--399.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=wolf1948a
|text=Wolf, C. B. 1948. Taxonomic and distributional studies of the New World cypresses. Aliso 1: 1--250.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Most leaves with conspicuous, pitlike, abaxial gland.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Most leaves without conspicuous, pitlike, abaxial gland, some with inconspicuous shallow or embedded gland.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Branchlets comblike.
|[[Cupressus macnabiana|Cupressus macnabiana]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Branchlets decussate.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Branchlets less than 1.3 mm diam.; seed cones mostly 1-2 cm, with scales covered with resin blisters; seeds 3-4 mm.
|[[Cupressus bakeri|Cupressus bakeri]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Branchlets 1.3 mm diam. or more; seed cones mostly 2-3 cm, with scales smooth or with scattered resin blisters; seeds 4-6 mm.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves rarely resin-dotted; c coastal California.
|[[Cupressus sargentii|Cupressus sargentii]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Leaves resin-dotted; interior s California to Texas.
|[[Cupressus arizonica|Cupressus arizonica]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones 1-2.5(-3) cm.
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Seed cones (2-)2.5-4 cm.
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves often glaucous; branchlets (1.5-)2-2.5 mm diam.; seeds 4-6 mm.
|[[Cupressus sargentii|Cupressus sargentii]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Leaves not glaucous; branchlets 1-1.5 mm diam.; seeds 3-4(-5) mm.
|[[Cupressus goveniana|Cupressus goveniana]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones oblong; bark fibrous, branchlets 1.5-2 mm diam.
|[[Cupressus macrocarpa|Cupressus macrocarpa]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seed cones globose; bark smooth, branchlets 1-1.5 mm diam.
|[[Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii|Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cupressus
|author=James E. Eckenwalder
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Cupressaceae
|distribution=Warm north temperate regions.
|reference=goggans1968a;little1966a;little1970a;silba1981a;wolf1948a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_428.xml
|genus=Cupressus
|abaxial gland count=absent;present
|array arrangement=decussate
|branchlet shape=quadrangular;terete
|cotyledon count=2;5
|leaf arrangement=divergent;opposite
|leaf fixation or orientation=appressed
|leaf life cycle=adult
|leaf shape=rhomboid;scalelike
|pair count=4;10
|pollen-sac count=3;10
|portion fusion=free
|rank count=4
|scale architecture=peltate
|scale arrangement or dehiscence=valvate
|scale count=3;6
|scale duration=persistent
|scale texture=woody
|scale width=thick
|seed architecture=2-winged
|seed count=5;20
|seed shape=faceted;lenticular
|seed-cone condition=opened
|seed-cone distance=1cm;4cm
|seed-cone duration=persisting
|seed-cone life cycle=maturing
|seed-cone shape=oblong;globose
|shrub duration=evergreen
|shrub size=large
|tree duration=evergreen
|x chromosome count=11
|year count=many;1;2
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cupressaceae]]