View source for Polypodium hesperium

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Polypodium hesperium
|accepted_authority=Maxon
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
|place=13: 200. 1900
|year=1900
}}
|common_names=Western polypody
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polypodium prolongilobum
|authority=Clute
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polypodium vulgare subsp. columbianum
|authority=(Gilbert) Hultén
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polypodium vulgare var. columbianum
|authority=Gilbert
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polypodium vulgare var. hesperium
|authority=(Maxon) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride
}}
|hierarchy=Polypodiaceae;Polypodium;Polypodium hesperium
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polypodiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Polypodium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Polypodium hesperium]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 2
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-d0_s0" data-properties="stem coloration;stem coating;stem size;stem size;stem size;stem diameter;stem taste;scale coloration;scale coloration;scale coloration;scale coloration;scale shape;scale architecture or shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape"><b>Stems </b>occasionally whitish pruinose, slender to moderately stout, to 6 mm diam., acrid to sweet-tasting: scales concolored, brown or slightly mottled, often darker near point of attachment, lanceolate, usually symmetric, margins entire to denticulate.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s1" data-properties=""><b>Leaves </b>to 35 cm.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s2" data-properties="petiole size;petiole diameter"><b>Petiole </b>slender, to 1.5 mm diam.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s3" data-properties="blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade shape;blade width;blade width;blade texture;blade texture"><b>Blade </b>oblong to lanceolate-ovate, occasionally deltate, pinnatifid, usually widest at or near middle, to 7 cm wide, herbaceous to somewhat leathery;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s4" data-properties="rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence;rachis pubescence">rachis sparsely scaly to glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s5" data-properties="scale shape;scale count;cell width">scales linear-lanceolate, usually less than 6 cells wide.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s6" data-properties="segment shape;segment shape;segment shape;segment width"><b>Segments </b>oblong to linear-lanceolate, less than 12 mm wide;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s7" data-properties="margin shape;margin shape;margin shape;margin shape">margins entire to crenulate or obscurely serrate;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s8" data-properties="apex shape;apex shape;apex shape">apex obtuse to acute;</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s9" data-properties="">midrib glabrous adaxially.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s10" data-properties="midrib pubescence;midrib fusion"><b>Venation </b>free.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s11" data-properties="sorus position;sorus diameter;sorus shape"><b>Sori </b>midway between margin and midrib, less than 3 mm diam., oval when immature.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s12" data-properties="sporangiaster count"><b>Sporangiasters </b>absent.</span> <span class="statement" id="st-d0_s13" data-properties="spore some measurement;spore relief;spore relief;spore relief;spore relief;surface projection some measurement;2n chromosome count"><b>Spores </b>more than 58 µm, rugose to verrucose or tuberculate, surface projections commonly less than 3 µm. <b>2n</b> = 148.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|habitat=Cracks and ledges on cliffs, on a variety of noncalcareous substrates, rarely on limestone
|elevation=300–3500 m.
|distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Mexico in Chihuahua;Baja California.
|discussion=<p>Using morphologic and chromosomal data, F. A. Lang (1971) proposed that Polypodium hesperium originated through allotetraploidy involving P. glycyrrhiza and P. amorphum, a hypothesis recently supported by electrophoretic studies (C. H. Haufler, M. D. Windham, and E. W. Rabe, unpublished). Variations in spore surface morphology and banding patterns observed in isozyme studies indicate that P. hesperium may have originated more than once from different individuals of the same species. Some collections of P. hesperium can be mistaken for P. glycyrrhiza, but the latter species is easily distinguished by its pubescent rachises, linear blade scales, and smaller spores (less than 58 µm). Although P. amorphum has sporangiasters and P. hesperium lacks them, misshapen sporangia in P. hesperium can mimic these distinctive soral structures. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a combination of soral, stem scale, and blade scale features (discussed in the key) to separate P. hesperium from P. amorphum. Hybridization occurs between P. hesperium and each of its progenitor diploids to form triploid individuals with misshapen spores (F. A. Lang 1971). Rare, sterile, tetraploid hybrids with P. saximontanum have also been detected (M. D. Windham, unpublished).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Polypodium hesperium
|author=
|authority=Maxon
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Polypodium prolongilobum;Polypodium vulgare subsp. columbianum;Polypodium vulgare var. columbianum;Polypodium vulgare var. hesperium
|basionyms=
|family=Polypodiaceae
|habitat=Cracks and ledges on cliffs, on a variety of noncalcareous substrates, rarely on limestone
|elevation=300–3500 m.
|distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Colo.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;N.Mex.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Mexico in Chihuahua;Baja California.
|reference=None
|publication title=Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
|publication year=1900
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-fine-grained-xml.git/src/287ef3db526bd807d435a3c7423ef2df1e951227/V2/V2_156.xml
|genus=Polypodium
|species=Polypodium hesperium
|2n chromosome count=148
|apex shape=obtuse;acute
|blade shape=pinnatifid;deltate;oblong;lanceolate-ovate
|blade texture=leathery;herbaceous to somewhat
|blade width=0cm;7cm
|cell width=wide
|margin shape=entire;crenulate or obscurely serrate
|midrib fusion=free
|midrib pubescence=glabrous
|petiole diameter=0mm;1.5mm
|petiole size=slender
|rachis pubescence=glabrous;sparsely scaly;glabrescent abaxially
|scale architecture or shape=symmetric
|scale coloration=darker;mottled;brown;concolored
|scale count=0;6
|scale shape=linear-lanceolate;lanceolate
|segment shape=oblong;linear-lanceolate
|segment width=0mm;12mm
|sorus diameter=0mm;3mm
|sorus position=midway
|sorus shape=oval
|sporangiaster count=absent
|spore relief=rugose;verrucose or tuberculate
|stem coating=pruinose
|stem coloration=whitish
|stem diameter=0mm;6mm
|stem size=slender;moderately stout
|stem taste=acrid to sweet-tasting
|surface projection some measurement=0um;3um
}}<!--

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