View source for Carlina

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carlina
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 828. 1753
|year=1753
}}{{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 360. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Carline-thistle
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carlina
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carlina]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Charles V, 1500–1558, Holy Roman Emperor
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 28, 83
|treatment_page=page 84
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Biennials </b>[annuals or perennials, shrubs, or dwarf trees], 10–80 cm, herbage spiny. <b>Stems</b> erect or spreading, simple to branched distally or throughout, branches ascending to spreading. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline [all cauline]; petiolate or sessile; blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces ± tomentose or glabrate. <b>Heads</b> discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. <b>Involucres</b> hemispheric to campanulate. <b>Phyllaries</b> many in several series, outer ovate to lanceolate, bases appressed; (at least outer ± leaflike); middle smaller, scarious, margins spiny-dentate or -lobed, apical appendages spine-tipped, inner apices spreading, membranous, white to stramineous, raylike, entire. <b>Receptacles</b> flat to conic, epaleaete scaly or bristly (each floret surrounded by ± connate, membranous scales dissected into linear lobes). <b>Florets</b> many; corollas yellow to maroon, tubular-funnelform, lobes triangular; anther bases tailed, linear-oblong, apical appendages acute; style branches: fused portions ca. 0.5 mm, with basal nodes glabrous or minutely hairy, distally puberulent, distinct portions tapered, not or scarcely separating. <b>Cypselae</b> cylindric to fusiform, not ribbed, without apical rim, hairy with forked, 2-celled hairs, attachment scars basal-oblique; pappi readily falling, of many persistent bristles in 1 series, basally connate in groups of 3–10, plumose. <b>x</b> = 9, 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;Mediterranean region;Macaronesia.
|discussion=<p>Species 28 (1 in the flora).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1990a
|text=Meusel, H. and A. Kästner. 1990. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der Mediterran–Mitteleuropaischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band I. Merkmalsspektren und Lebensraume der Gattung. Denkschr. Öesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 127: 1–294.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1994a
|text=Meusel, H. and A. Kästner. 1994. Lebensgeschichte der Gold- und Silberdisteln. Monographie der Mediterran–Mitteleuropaischen Compositen-Gattung Carlina Band II. Artenvielfalt und Stammesgeschichte der Gattung. Denkschr. Öesterr. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 128: 1–657.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=meusel1996a
|text=Meusel, H., A. Kästner, and E. Vitek. 1996. The evolution of Carlina—A hypothesis based on ecogeography. In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1996. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994. 2 vols. Kew. Vol. 1, pp. 723–737.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carlina
|author=David J. Keil
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|distribution=Eurasia;Mediterranean region;Macaronesia.
|introduced=true
|reference=meusel1990a;meusel1994a;meusel1996a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_26.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carlina
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]