View source for Nicotiana quadrivalvis

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Nicotiana quadrivalvis
|accepted_authority=Pursh
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|place=1: 141. 1813
|year=1813
}}
|common_names=Indian or Bigelow’s or Wallace’s tobacco
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Amphipleis quadrivalvis
|authority=(Pursh) Rafinesque
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Dictyocalyx quadrivalvis
|authority=(Pursh) Hooker f. ex Walpers
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nicotiana bigelovii
|authority=(Torrey) S. Watson
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=N. bigelovii var. wallacei
|authority=A. Gray
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=N. multivalvis
|authority=Lindley
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=N. plumbaginifolia var. bigelovii
|authority=Torrey
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=N. quadrivalvis var. bigelovii
|authority=(Torrey) DeWolf
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polydiclis quadrivalvis
|authority=(Pursh) Miers
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Solanaceae;Nicotiana;Nicotiana quadrivalvis
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Solanaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Nicotiana]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Nicotiana quadrivalvis]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 14
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, from basal rosette. <b>Stems</b> single or with multiple robust branches, 3–20 dm, moist, patent, viscid-pubescent. <b>Rosette</b> leaves: petiole length to 1/2 blade; blade elliptic to narrowly ovate, 1–1.5 cm, surfaces usually viscid-pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially. <b>Cauline</b> leaves sessile or short-petiolate, congested toward inflorescence; blade ovate to lanceolate, 1–4 cm, gradually decreasing in size and narrower distally, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces coarsely viscid-pubescent. <b>Inflorescences</b> unbranched or few-branched, leafy to bracteate; flowering crepuscular. <b>Pedicels</b> 0.4–1 cm (longer in fruit). <b>Flowers</b>: calyx green, elliptic, 10-ridged (or more in fasciated plants), 0.9–3.5 cm, densely viscid-pubescent, (trichomes occasionally with swollen bases), lobes linear, ± equal, length equaling or sometimes exceeding tube, sinus membranes long, transparent; corolla straight, 2–5 cm (excluding limb), minutely viscid-pubescent externally, tube and throat not well differentiated, white or ivory, or tinged purple externally and oily-glossy, broadly trumpet-shaped, tubular portion from 2 mm diam. at base to 7 mm diam. at mouth (much wider in fasciated varieties), glabrous or minutely puberulent internally, limb spreading, cream to white flushed with grayish purple (externally), stellate to pentagonal, 2–5 cm diam., lobes broadly triangular, acute; stamens unequal, 4 inserted just below mouth, exserted, 1 inserted ca. 1 cm deeper in throat, included; filaments ± equal, 0.3–1 cm, glabrous; style straight, just exceeding stamens. <b>Capsules</b> narrowly ovoid, 1–2.5 cm. <b>Fruiting</b> calyces not tearing at sinuses, completely enclosing capsule. <b>Seeds</b> 0.9 mm. <b>2n</b> = 48.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Oct(–Dec).
|habitat=Dry river beds, washes, gravel bars, mesas, plains, burned areas.
|elevation=0–600(–2000) m.
|distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p>Nicotiana quadrivalvis was widely cultivated by western Native American peoples, and prior to European expansion to the west, was grown from Haida Gwaii in British Columbia across the Great Plains to North Dakota and Missouri. The tobacco collected by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in North Dakota was N. quadrivalvis; however, recent collections from this area are only from cultivated plants (for example, Reveal 8376, NY). Plants derived from cultivated forms often have supernumerary flower parts (fasciation) and flowers with more than five petals. These forms are most often collected from northern California northwards; the first collection of this type was made along the Columbia River in Oregon by David Douglas.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Nicotiana quadrivalvis
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Amphipleis quadrivalvis;Dictyocalyx quadrivalvis;Nicotiana bigelovii;N. bigelovii var. wallacei;N. multivalvis;N. plumbaginifolia var. bigelovii;N. quadrivalvis var. bigelovii;Polydiclis quadrivalvis
|basionyms=
|family=Solanaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–Oct(–Dec).
|habitat=Dry river beds, washes, gravel bars, mesas, plains, burned areas.
|elevation=0–600(–2000) m.
|distribution=B.C.;Ariz.;Calif.;Nev.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|publication year=1813
|special status=Weedy;Endemic
|source xml=
|genus=Nicotiana
|species=Nicotiana quadrivalvis
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Nicotiana]]