View source for Arctous

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Arctous
|accepted_authority=Niedenzu
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
|place=11: 144. 1889
|year=1889
}}
|common_names=Alpine bearberry
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Arctostaphylos 
|authority=Adanson sect. Arctoae A. Gray,
|rank=genus
|publication_title=Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 
|publication_place=2(1): 27. 1878 (as Arctous)
}}
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Ericaceae;Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae;Arctous
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Ericaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Arctous]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek arktous, northern, alluding to distribution
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 371, 375, 397, 405, 407
|treatment_page=page 404
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> not burled; bark brownish, exfoliating in papery sheets from older stems. <b>Stems</b> prostrate, extensively branched, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous (leaf or leaf bases marcescent), bifacial; blade ovate or obovate to oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, margins crenate-serrate, ± plane, surfaces glabrous (margins ciliate toward base). <b>Inflorescences</b> racemes (formed on current year’s growth), 2–7-flowered; bracteoles absent. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual; sepals persistent, 5, distinct, broadly ovate; petals 5, connate nearly their entire lengths, white, cream, yellow, or green, corolla urceolate; stamens 10, included; filaments dilated, (usually hairy at base); anthers (reddish), with 2 (recurved), dorsal awns, dehiscent by 2 terminal pores; ovary 4–10-locular; stigma capitate. <b>Drupes</b> black-purple, brick red, or scarlet, globose, juicy, smooth; pyrenes 4–5, distinct. <b>Seeds</b> 4–5, distinct, (ovoid), not angled; (testa bony). <b>x</b> = 13.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p><!--
--><p>Species 3 or 4 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>The genus <i>Arctous</i> differs vegetatively from <i>Arctostaphylos</i> in having leaves with winged petioles and crenate to serrulate margins, fruits that are bright red or black and juicy (in <i>Arctostaphylos</i> the fruits are mealy or granular), and only five nutlets with hard, smooth endocarps (in contrast to <i>Arctostaphylos</i>, where the fruits have ten sculptured nutlets). <i>Arctous</i> has flowering buds that develop in the spring, as opposed to <i>Arctostaphylos</i>, in which buds form in the summer and autumn and lie dormant during the winter. Phylogenetic studies employing molecular methods place <i>Arctous</i> as the sister group to <i>Arctostaphylos</i>. Both species of <i>Arctous</i> in the flora area turn bright orange-red in autumn and are suitable for the alpine or rock garden.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades 4-15 mm, surfaces rugose, hairy toward base and on petiole (hairs 1-2 mm); twigs clothed with persistent old leaves or petioles; corolla lobes 0.5 mm; fruits black- purple; stones 2.7-4.6 × 2-3.6 mm.
|[[Arctous alpina|Arctous alpina]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Leaf blades (10-)15-30(-60) mm, surfaces not or only slightly rugose, glabrous; twigs bare of old leaves; corolla lobes 1 mm; fruits brick red or scarlet; stones 2.5-3 × 1.6-2.2 mm.
|[[Arctous rubra|Arctous rubra]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Arctous
|author=Gordon C. Tucker
|authority=Niedenzu
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=Arctostaphylos Adanson sect. Arctoae
|family=Ericaceae
|distribution=North America;Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=Bot. Jahrb. Syst.
|publication year=1889
|special status=
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_763.xml
|subfamily=Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae
|genus=Arctous
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Ericaceae subfam. Arbutoideae]]