View source for Juncus effusus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Juncus effusus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 326. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Soft rush
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Juncus effusus var. gracilis
|authority=Hooker
|rank=variety
|publication_title=J. effusus var. pacificus Fernald &amp; Wiegand
|publication_place=
}} {{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Juncus griscomii
|authority=
|rank=species
|publication_title=J. pylaei Laharpe
|publication_place=
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus conglomeratus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. brunneus
|authority=Engelmann
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. caeruleomontanus
|authority=H. St. John
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. costulatus
|authority=FernaldSt. John
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. dicipiens
|authority=Buchenau
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. exiguus
|authority=Fernald & Wiegand
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. pylaei
|authority=(Laharpe) Fernald & Wiegand
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. solutus
|authority=Fernald & Wiegand
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus effusus var. subglomeratus
|authority=Lamarck & de Candolle
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Juncaceae;Juncus;Juncus subg. Genuini;Juncus effusus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Juncaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Juncus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Juncus subg. Genuini]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Juncus effusus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, 4–13 dm. <b>Rhizomes</b> short -branched, forming distinct, often large clumps. <b>Culms</b> erect, terete, 1–2.5 mm diam. at top of sheaths. <b>Cataphylls</b> several. <b>Leaves</b>: blade absent. <b>Inflorescences</b> lateral, compound dichasia, many flowered; primary bract erect, terete, extending well beyond dichasium. <b>Flowers</b>: tepals tan or darker, usually with greenish midstripe, lanceolate, 1.9–3.5 mm; inner slightly shorter; stamens 3, filaments 0.5–0.8 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm; style 0.2 mm. <b>Capsules</b> greenish tan or darker, 3-locular, broadly ellipsoid to oblate, 1.5–3.2 mm. <b>Seeds</b> amber, (0.3–)0.4–0.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 40, 42.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall.
|habitat=Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals
|elevation=Habitat??; 0–2500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p>The <i>Juncus effusus</i> complex has been variously recognized as containing several species or a single species with numerous infraspecific taxa. Unfortunately, North American treatments have dealt primarily with taxa in either the eastern or western portions of the continent. In considering the continent as a whole, little sense can be made of these treatments. The North American <i>J. effusus</i> complex is one that is in obvious need of modern systematic scrutiny.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ahti1980a
|text=Hämet-Ahti, L. 1980. The Juncus effusus aggregate in eastern North America. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 17: 183--191.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=fernald1910a
|text=Fernald, M. L. and K. M. Wiegand. 1910. The North American variation of Juncus effusus. Rhodora 12: 81--93.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Juncus effusus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Juncus conglomeratus;Juncus effusus var. brunneus;Juncus effusus var. caeruleomontanus;Juncus effusus var. costulatus;Juncus effusus var. dicipiens;Juncus effusus var. exiguus;Juncus effusus var. pylaei;Juncus effusus var. solutus;Juncus effusus var. subglomeratus
|basionyms=Juncus effusus var. gracilis;Juncus griscomii
|family=Juncaceae
|phenology=Flowering summer, fruiting summer–fall.
|habitat=Swamps and their edges, marshes, moist meadows, and moist or saturated soils, often conspicuous in pasture meadows where it is shunned by grazing animals
|elevation=Habitat??; 0–2500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=ahti1980a;fernald1910a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Weedy;Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V22/V22_100.xml
|genus=Juncus
|subgenus=Juncus subg. Genuini
|species=Juncus effusus
}}<!--

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[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Juncus subg. Genuini]]
[[Category:Revised Since Print]]