View source for Euphorbia heterophylla

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euphorbia heterophylla
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 453. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Mexican fireplant
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Selected by author to be illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Euphorbia geniculata
|authority=Ortega
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Poinsettia geniculata
|authority=(Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke
}}{{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=P. heterophylla
|authority=(Linnaeus) Klotzsch & Garcke
}}
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Euphorbia;Euphorbia sect. Poinsettia;Euphorbia heterophylla
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euphorbia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Euphorbia sect. Poinsettia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euphorbia heterophylla]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 317, 318, 320
|treatment_page=page 323
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, with taproot. <b>Stems</b> erect-ascending, 20–100 cm, sparsely pilose to villous; branches ± straight. <b>Leaves</b> usually alternate, occasionally opposite proximally; petiole 10–50 mm, pilose; blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or broadly obovate (then usually pandurate and 4-lobed), often polymorphic on single plants, 30–200 × 20–140 mm, base acute, margins sparsely glandular-serrulate, hirtellous, flat, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface sparsely appressed-pilose, adaxial surface sparsely pilosulous to glabrate; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. <b>Cyathial</b> arrangement: terminal dichasial branches usually 2, occasionally reduced to congested cyme, 1–2-branched (often congested and difficult to discern); pleiochasial bracts 2–4, often whorled, wholly green or paler green at base, similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts highly reduced, rarely absent in highly congested clusters. <b>Cyathia</b>: peduncle 0.9–1.5 mm. <b>Involucre</b> usually campanulate, occasionally nearly hemispheric, 1.5–1.9 × 1.2–1.8 mm, glabrous; involucral lobes divided into several linear, smooth lobes; gland 1, yellow-green, stipitate, clavate, 1–1.4 × 1–1.2 mm, opening circular (occasionally flattened from pressing), with annular rim, glabrous; appendages absent. <b>Staminate</b> flowers 8–15. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: ovary glabrous or puberulent; styles 0.8–1.3 mm, 2-fid 1/2 to nearly entire length. <b>Capsules</b> broadly ovoid, 2.8–3.8 × 4–5.3 mm, 3-lobed, usually glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulent; columella 2.1–2.8 mm. <b>Seeds</b> brown-gray to ashy gray, broadly deltoid, 2.4–2.8 × 1.9–2.4 mm, angular in cross section, dorsal face strongly acute-carinate, tuberculate, with broad rounded tubercles in 2 rows; caruncle 0.1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting nearly year-round.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, roadsides.
|elevation=0–500 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico;Central America;South America;introduced also in Eurasia;Africa.
|discussion=<p>Euphorbia heterophylla occurs from the southern United States, where it is likely naturalized, south through Mexico and Central America to South America. Because of its weediness, the precise native range in tropical and subtropical parts of the New World is not well understood. It has become widely established also in warm areas of the Old World. Leaf shape in this species is highly polymorphic within both populations and individuals. Euphorbia heterophylla can appear superficially similar to E. cyathophora but differs in its stipitate, circular involucral glands and its floral bracts that are at most very pale at the base (never colored as is typical in E. cyathophora).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euphorbia heterophylla
|author=
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Euphorbia geniculata;Poinsettia geniculata;P. heterophylla
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting nearly year-round.
|habitat=Disturbed areas, roadsides.
|elevation=0–500 m.
|distribution=Ala.;Ariz.;Calif.;Fla.;Ga.;La.;Miss.;N.Mex.;Tex.;Mexico;Central America;South America;introduced also in Eurasia;Africa.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Weedy;Introduced;Selected by author to be illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/9216fc802291cd3df363fd52122300479582ede7/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_793.xml
|genus=Euphorbia
|section=Euphorbia sect. Poinsettia
|species=Euphorbia heterophylla
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Euphorbia sect. Poinsettia]]