View source for Elymus villosus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Elymus villosus
|accepted_authority=Muhl. ex Willd.
|publications=
|common_names=Downy wildrye
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Elymus villosus var. arkansanus
|authority=
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Elymus arkansanus
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Triticeae;Elymus;Elymus villosus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Triticeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Elymus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Elymus villosus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 302
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>cespitose, not rhizomatous, often persistently deep green. <b>Culms</b> 40-130 cm, erect; nodes 4-8, concealed or exposed, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> evenly distributed; sheaths villous-hirsute, pilose, or occasionally glabrate, occasionally reddish brown; auricles 1-3 mm, brownish; ligules shorter than 1 mm, entire or erose; blades 4-12 mm wide, lax, dark glossy green, adaxial surfaces usually densely velutinous-villous with fine whitish hairs, rarely pilose only on the veins. <b>Spikes</b> 4-12 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, slightly or strongly nodding, exserted, usually with 2 spikelets per node, rarely with 1 or 3 at a few nodes; internodes (1.5)2-3(4) mm long, 0.15-0.25 mm thick at the thinnest sections, usually hairy below the spikelets, rarely glabrous. <b>Spikelets</b> 7-12 mm, moderately divergent, with 1-2(3) florets, lowest florets functional; disarticulation above the glumes and beneath each floret. <b>Glumes</b> equal, 12-25 mm including the often undifferentiated awns, the basal 0.5-2 mm terete, slightly indurate, straight or nearly so, without evident venation, glume bodies 7-10 mm long, (0.2)0.3-0.8 mm wide, linear-setiform, widening or parallel-sided above the base, 2-3(4)-veined, usually hirsute to hispid, occasionally scabrous to scabridulous, margins firm, awns 5-15 mm, straight; lemmas 5.5-9 mm, usually villous with fine, whitish, spreading hairs, especially near the margins and apices, sometimes glabrous or with coarser hairs, sometimes scabrous, awns 9-33 mm, straight; paleas 5-7.5 mm, obtuse, occasionally emarginate; anthers (1.6)2-3(4) mm. <b>Anthesis</b> early June to early July. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=W.Va.;Del.;D.C.;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Kans.;Mo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;R.I.;Conn.;Mass.;Vt.;Va.;Miss.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Tex.;Md.;Ohio;Minn.;Mich.;Ky.
|discussion=<p><i>Elymus villosus</i> grows in moist to moderately dry, often rocky soils in woods and thickets, especially in calcareous or other base-rich soils, but it is also frequent on drier, sandy soils or damper, alluvial soils in glaciated regions. It extends from the Great Plains east to southern Quebec, northern New York, and Vermont south to Texas, Georgia, and South Carolina. It is absent from the southern portion of the coastal plain.</p><!--
--><p><i>Elymus villosus</i> is relatively uniform and distinct, although it has sometimes been confused with hairy plants of <i>E. canadensis</i> (p. 303) and <i>E. glabriflorus</i> (p. 296). The hairs of <i>E. villosus</i> are fine, whitish, and consistently dense on the leaf blades, typically spreading in the spikelets; the hairs of the other species are typically stouter and more appressed in the spikelets. Plants called <i>E. villosus</i> var. arkansanas (Scribn. & C.R. Ball) J.J.N. Campb. are scabrous to glabrous in the spikes, except for the ciliate rachis margins, and often more robust. These are scattered over much of the species' range, except in the north (from Wisconsin to New England), and are locally more frequent than typical plants in the Ozark Mountains and other midwestern hills. Some other western plants (including those called E. striatus var. ballii Pammel) have unusually large, almost erect spikes, suggesting introgression from <i>E. virginicus</i> (p. 298). There are rare apparent hybrids with species in the <i>E. virginicus</i> group, but the only proven natural hybrid is with <i>Hordeum</i> fubatum (p. 245) (see *Elyhordeum, p. 283). Artificial crosses with several species failed to produce healthy Fj plants (Church 1958).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Elymus villosus
|authority=Muhl. ex Willd.
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Elymus villosus var. arkansanus;Elymus arkansanus
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Cindy Roché;Annaliese Miller
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=W.Va.;Del.;D.C.;Wis.;Ont.;Que.;Kans.;Mo.;N.Dak.;Nebr.;Okla.;S.Dak.;Wyo.;N.J.;N.Y.;Tenn.;N.C.;S.C.;Pa.;R.I.;Conn.;Mass.;Vt.;Va.;Miss.;Ala.;Ark.;Ill.;Ga.;Ind.;Iowa;Tex.;Md.;Ohio;Minn.;Mich.;Ky.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_424.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Triticeae
|genus=Elymus
|species=Elymus villosus
}}<!--

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