View source for Bromus hordeaceus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Bromus hordeaceus
|accepted_authority=L.
|publications=
|common_names=Lopgrass;Brome mou
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bromus mollis
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Bromeae;Bromus;Bromus sect. Bromus;Bromus hordeaceus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Bromeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Bromus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Bromus sect. Bromus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Bromus hordeaceus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 232
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or biennial. <b>Culms</b> 2-70 cm, erect or ascending. <b>Lower</b> sheaths densely, often retrorsely, pilose; upper sheaths pubescent or glabrous; ligules 1-1.5 mm, hairy, obtuse, erose; blades 2-19 cm long, 1-4 mm wide, abaxial surfaces glabrous or hairy, adaxial surfaces hairy. <b>Panicles</b> 1-13 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, erect, usually ovoid, open, becoming dense, occasionally reduced to 1 or 2 spikelets; branches shorter than the spikelets, ascending to erect, straight or almost so. <b>Spikelets</b> (11)14-20(23) mm, lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed; florets 5-10, bases concealed at maturity; rachilla internodes concealed at maturity. <b>Glumes</b> pilose or glabrous; lower glumes 5-7 mm, 3-5-veined; upper glumes 6.5-8 mm, 5-7-veined; lemmas 6.5-11 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lanceolate, chartaceous, antrorsely pilose to pubescent, or glabrous proximally or throughout, 7-9-veined, lateral veins prominently ribbed, rounded over the midvein, hyaline margins abruptly or bluntly angled, not inrolled at maturity, apices acute, bifid, teeth shorter than 1 mm; awns 6-8 mm, usually arising less than 1.5 mm below the lemma apices, straight to recurved at maturity; anthers 0.6-1.5 mm. <b>Caryopses</b> equaling or shorter than the paleas, thin, weakly inrolled to flat. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Colo.;Nebr.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Tenn.;Pa.;Okla.;Calif.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Alaska;Ill.;Utah;Ark.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Md.;Ohio;Mo.;Mich.;N.Dak.;S.Dak.;Kans.;S.C.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Yukon
|discussion=<p><i>Bromus hordeaceus</i> is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is weedy, growing in disturbed areas such as roadsides, fields, sandy beaches, and waste places, and can be found in many locations in the Flora region, with the exception of the central Canadian provinces and most of the southeastern United States. Its origin is obscure. Ainouche et al. (1999) reviewed various suggestions, and concluded that at least one of its diploid ancestors may have been an extinct or undiscovered species related to <i>B. caroli-henrici</i>, a diploid species.</p><!--
--><p>The four subspecies are usually morphologically distinct. Ainouche et al. (1999), however, found no evidence of genetic differentiation among them.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemmas (7)8-11 mm long, usually pubescent or pilose.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Awns more than 0.1 mm wide at the base, straight, erect; culms (3)10-70 cm long
|[[Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus|Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Awns less than 0.1 mm wide at the base, often divaricate or recurved at maturity; culms 15-25(60) cm long
|[[Bromus hordeaceus subsp. molliformis|Bromus hordeaceus subsp. molliformis]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Lemmas 6.5-8(9) mm long, glabrous or pubescent.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms (3)10-70 cm long; panicles up to 10 cm long, usually with more than 1 spikelet; lemmas usually glabrous; caryopses usually as long as the paleas; habitat various
|[[Bromus hordeaceus subsp. pseudothomineii|Bromus hordeaceus subsp. pseudothomineii]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Culms 2-16 cm long; panicles 1-3 cm long, often reduced to 1 spikelet; lemmas pubescent or glabrous; caryopses shorter than the paleas; plants of maritime or lacustrine sands
|[[Bromus hordeaceus subsp. thotninei|Bromus hordeaceus subsp. thotninei]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Bromus hordeaceus
|authority=L.
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Bromus mollis
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Cindy Roché
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=Colo.;Nebr.;Conn.;N.J.;N.Y.;Wash.;Va.;Del.;Wis.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wyo.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);N.Mex.;Tex.;La.;N.C.;Tenn.;Pa.;Okla.;Calif.;Nev.;Mass.;Maine;N.H.;R.I.;Alaska;Ill.;Utah;Ark.;Ind.;Iowa;Ariz.;Md.;Ohio;Mo.;Mich.;N.Dak.;S.Dak.;Kans.;S.C.;Ky.;Alta.;B.C.;Greenland;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.);N.S.;N.W.T.;Ont.;Que.;Yukon
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_327.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Bromeae
|genus=Bromus
|section=Bromus sect. Bromus
|species=Bromus hordeaceus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Bromus sect. Bromus]]