View source for Rubus ursinus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rubus ursinus
|accepted_authority=Chamisso & Schlechtendal
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Linnaea
|place=2: 11. 1827
|year=1827
}}
|common_names=California or Pacific or creeping blackberry
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rubus eastwoodianus
|authority=Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. macropetalus
|authority=Douglas ex Hooker
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. sirbenus
|authority=L. H. Bailey
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ursinus var. eastwoodianus
|authority=(Rydberg) J. T. Howell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ursinus subsp. macropetalus
|authority=(Douglas ex Hooker) Roy L. Taylor & MacBryde
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ursinus var. macropetalus
|authority=(Douglas ex Hooker) S. W. Brown
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. ursinus var. sirbenus
|authority=(L. H. Bailey) J. T. Howell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. vitifolius
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. vitifolius var. eastwoodianus
|authority=(Rydberg) Munz
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. vitifolius subsp. ursinus
|authority=(Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Abrams
|rank=subspecies
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Rubeae;Rubus;Rubus ursinus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Rubeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rubus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rubus ursinus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 28, 30, 31, 32, 37, 50, 54, 56
|treatment_page=page 55
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> usually dioecious, to 2 dm, armed. <b>Stems</b> biennial, creeping (often growing over other vegetation), sparsely to densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely to densely sessile- to stipitate-glandular, usually strongly pruinose; prickles moderate to dense, erect to retrorse or hooked, weak to moderately stout, 4–10 mm, narrow- to broad-based. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous or persistent, usually ternate, sometimes simple or pinnately compound; stipules filiform to linear, 7–17 mm; leaflets 3(–5), terminal ovate to lanceolate, 3.5–12 × 3–10 cm, base cuneate or rounded to cordate, shallowly sharp-lobed or unlobed, margins coarsely serrate to doubly serrate, apex acute to acuminate, abaxial surfaces with slender, erect prickles on larger veins, moderately to densely hairy, eglandular, rarely sparsely sessile-glandular along midvein. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal on short shoots, usually appearing axillary, 1–5-flowered, cymiform or racemiform. <b>Pedicels</b>: prickles moderate to dense, erect, densely hairy, eglandular or sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular. <b>Flowers</b> usually functionally unisexual; petals white, in staminate flowers ovate or obovate to narrowly elliptic, 7–18 mm, in pistillate ovate to elliptic, 6–11 mm; filaments filiform; ovaries glabrous or hairy. <b>Fruits</b> black, sometimes red or purple, rarely white, not pruinose, globose to cylindric, 1–2.5 cm; drupelets 20–50, strongly coherent, separating with torus attached. <b>2n</b> = 42, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Aug(–Sep).
|habitat=Woodlands, shrublands, open or disturbed areas, dry to damp soil
|elevation=0–1600 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.;Mexico (Baja California).
|discussion=<p>In habit, <i>Rubus ursinus</i> is often reminiscent of the predominantly eastern North American, non-sympatric <i>R. flagellaris</i>; it is also polymorphic. <i>Rubus ursinus</i> comprises a polyploid spectrum dominated by octoploid and dodecaploid plants. It is an allopolyploid involving phylogenetically distant ancestors with its closest relative being the Hawaiian endemic R. macraei A. Gray. See S. W. Brown (1943) for a discussion of morphological and chromosome number variation in <i>R. ursinus</i>. The widespread, glaucous-stemmed, trifoliate-leaved forms of <i>R. ursinus</i> are vegetatively nearly identical to <i>R. caesius</i>. Of agricultural significance, <i>R. ursinus</i> is a parent of some important cultivars, including loganberry and boysenberry.</p><!--
--><p>There has been uncertainty whether the name <i>Rubus</i> menziesii Hooker and subsequent combinations [Parmena menziesii (Hooker) Greene, <i>R. spectabilis</i> <i></i>var.<i> menziesii</i> (Hooker) S. Watson, and <i>R. ursinus</i> <i></i>var.<i> menziesii</i> (Hooker) Focke] pertain to <i>R. spectabilis</i> or <i>R. ursinus</i>. The protologue by Hooker describes a hairy, relatively small, procumbent plant, which is congruent with <i>R. ursinus</i>. The type specimen at Kew also looks like <i>R. ursinus</i>. In the protologue Hooker also claimed the species has red petals and suggested that it may have an affinity with <i>R. spectabilis</i>.</p><!--
--><p>Specimens examined for this study of North American collections attributed to <i>Rubus</i> macrophyllus Weihe & Nees (synonym R. amplificatus Lees) are <i>R. ursinus</i>. If R. macrophyllus was once present in the flora area it is likely absent now; some reports of R. macrophyllus could represent hybrids. There are reports of <i>R. ursinus</i> hybridizing with <i>R. bifrons</i> and <i>R. pensilvanicus</i> in California (T. S. Mallah 1954; L. V. Clark and M. Jasieniuk 2012; L. A. Alice, unpubl.).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rubus ursinus
|authority=Chamisso & Schlechtendal
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Rubus eastwoodianus;R. macropetalus;R. sirbenus;R. ursinus var. eastwoodianus;R. ursinus subsp. macropetalus;R. ursinus var. macropetalus;R. ursinus var. sirbenus;R. vitifolius;R. vitifolius var. eastwoodianus;R. vitifolius subsp. ursinus
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Aug(–Sep).
|habitat=Woodlands, shrublands, open or disturbed areas, dry to damp soil
|elevation=0–1600 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.;Mexico (Baja California).
|reference=None
|publication title=Linnaea
|publication year=1827
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_78.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Rubeae
|genus=Rubus
|species=Rubus ursinus
}}<!--

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