View source for Raphanus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Raphanus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 669. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 300. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Radish
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Quidproquo
|authority=Greuter & Burdet
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Brassicaceae;Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae;Raphanus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Brassicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Raphanus]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek raphanos, radish
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 225, 226, 233, 244
|treatment_page=page 438
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or biennials; (roots slender or fleshy, size, shape, and color variable in cultivated forms); not scapose; glabrous or pubescent. <b>Stems</b> erect, unbranched or branched. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; petiolate or subsessile; basal not rosulate, petiolate, blade margins lyrately lobed or pinnatifid to pinnatisect; cauline shortly petiolate or subsessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins dentate or lobed, (smaller and fewer-lobed than basal). <b>Racemes</b> (corymbose, several-flowered), usually greatly elongated in fruit. <b>Fruiting</b> pedicels divaricate, ascending, or spreading [reflexed]. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals erect, narrowly oblong [linear], lateral pair slightly saccate basally; petals white, creamy white, yellow, pink, or purple [lilac] (usually with darker veins), broadly obovate [suborbicular], claw differentiated from blade, (± longer than sepals, apex obtuse or emarginate [rounded]); stamens strongly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally; anthers oblong or oblong-linear, (apex obtuse); nectar glands (4), median pair present. <b>Fruits</b> siliques or silicles, indehiscent, sessile, segments 2, (lomentaceous, often breaking into 1-seeded units), cylindrical, fusiform, lanceolate, or ovoid, [linear, oblong, ellipsoid], smooth or torulose to strongly moniliform, (constricted or not between seeds), terete or polygonal; (valvular segment seedless, rudimentary, or aborted, nearly as wide as pedicel; terminal segment several-seeded, corky); valves glabrous, antrorsely scabrous, or hispid; replum and septum not differentiated; ovules 2–22 per ovary; (style slender); stigma capitate, slightly 2-lobed. <b>Seeds</b> uniseriate, plump, not winged, oblong, ovoid, or globose [subglobose]; seed coat (nearly smooth to reticulate), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons conduplicate. <b>x</b> = 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;introduced also nearly worldwide.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 3 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Natural hybridization between <i>Raphanus raphanistrum</i> and <i>R. sativus</i> has been known since 1788, and the hybrid has been named R. ×micranthus (Uechtritz) O. E. Schulz. The transfer of some of the weedy characters from <i>R. raphanistrum</i> to <i>R. sativus</i> through natural hybridization may have played a major role in converting the latter from a crop plant into a successful weed near the coastal areas of central California (C. A. Panetsos and H. G. Baker 1968). <i>Raphanus</i> confusus (Greuter & Burdet) Al-Shehbaz & Warwick is known from Asia (Israel, Lebanon).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals pale or creamy white; fruits (2.5-)3-8(-11) mm wide, strongly constricted between seeds and usually breaking, strongly ribbed, beak narrowly conical.
|[[Raphanus raphanistrum|Raphanus raphanistrum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Petals usually purple or pink, sometimes white; fruits (5-)7-13(-15) mm wide, rarely slightly constricted between seeds and usually not breaking, not ribbed, beak narrowly to broadly conical to linear.
|[[Raphanus sativus|Raphanus sativus]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Raphanus
|author=Suzanne I. Warwick
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=tribe
|synonyms=Quidproquo
|basionyms=
|family=Brassicaceae
|distribution=Eurasia;introduced also nearly worldwide.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_661.xml
|tribe=Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae
|genus=Raphanus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Brassicaceae tribe Brassiceae]]