View source for Cynophalla

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cynophalla
|accepted_authority=(de Candolle) J. Presl in F. Berchtold and J. S. Presl
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=in F. Berchtold and J. S. Presl, Prir. Rostlin
|place=2: 275. 1825
|year=1825
}}
|common_names=Caper-tree
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Capparis sect. Cynophalla
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=section
|publication_title=in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr.
|publication_place=1: 249. 1824
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Capparis subg. Cynophalla
|authority=(de Candolle) Eichler
|rank=subgenus
}}
|hierarchy=Capparaceae;Cynophalla
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Capparaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cynophalla]]</div></div>
|etymology=Greek kynos, dog, and phallos, penis, alluding to brilliant red color inside rupturing fruits, which reminded early botanists of a dog’s penis
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 195, 197
|treatment_page=page 196
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>[trees or rarely vines], evergreen; usually glabrous, rarely puberulent (trichomes multicellular, tufted, stellate, stellulate, or unbranched). <b>Stems</b> erect. <b>Leaves</b> ± distichous (stipules supra-axillary glands, serially arranged in leaf axils just distal to petioles on branchlets, increasing in size distally); petiole relatively long or short, nectaries present; blade obovate, oblong, or broadly to narrowly elliptic, margins entire. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal or axillary, racemes. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals [equal] 2 unequal pairs (distal pair smaller), each often subtending a nectary; stamens [28–]120–150[–ca. 250]; filaments inserted on a discoid or conical receptacle (androgynophore); anthers ellipsoid; gynophore slender, elongating in fruit. <b>Capsules</b> [berries] dehiscent [indehiscent], linear-cylindric, ± fleshy. <b>Seeds</b> [1–]10–30[–many], usually reniform, arillate, (embryo green). <b>x</b> = 8, 10.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America.
|discussion=<p>Species ca. 20 (1 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Cynophalla</i> is a clearcut, unique entity; its species lack the distinctive lepidote indumentum of the vegetative parts that characterizes the other woody caper genus, <i>Quadrella</i>, which also occurs in southern Florida and the Caribbean region. Plants of <i>Cynophalla</i> are usually glabrous; if pubescent, hairs are minute, stellate or simple on branches, inflorescences, or abaxially on new leaves. Some authors would place <i>Cynophalla</i> in the unigeneric subfamily Cynophalloideae. It is a taxonomically difficult group of species, but well-circumscribed by distinctive characteristics, such as a biseriate calyx with distal sepals smaller, and supra-axillary glands (1–3 per axil) on young shoots.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cynophalla
|authority=(de Candolle) J. Presl in F. Berchtold and J. S. Presl
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Capparis subg. Cynophalla
|basionyms=Capparis sect. Cynophalla
|family=Capparaceae
|distribution=se United States;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;n South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=in F. Berchtold and J. S. Presl, Prir. Rostlin
|publication year=1825
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_253.xml
|genus=Cynophalla
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Capparaceae]]