View source for Viola epipsila var. repens

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Viola epipsila var. repens
|accepted_authority=(W. Becker) R. J. Little
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas
|place=4: 225. 2010
|year=2010
}}
|common_names=Dwarf marsh or marsh or northern marsh violet;violette rampante
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Viola epipsila subsp. repens
|authority=W. Becker
|rank=subspecies
|publication_title=Beih. Bot. Centralbl.
|publication_place=34(2): 406. 1917,
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=V. achyrophora
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Violaceae;Viola;Viola epipsila;Viola epipsila var. repens
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Violaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Viola]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Viola epipsila]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>variety</small>[[Viola epipsila var. repens]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 6
|mention_page=page 143
|treatment_page=page 130
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>perennial, acaulescent, stoloniferous, 0.5–20 cm; stolons pale, often rooting and leafy at nodes; rhizome slender, fleshy. <b>Leaves</b> basal, 1–4, ascending to erect; stipules linear-lanceolate, margins entire, apex acute; petiole 1–5 cm, glabrous or pubescent; blade unlobed, broadly ovate, reniform, or orbiculate, 1.5–2.5(–4.5) × 2–3(–4) cm, base cordate, margins crenate, denticulate, or entire, ciliate or eciliate, apex rounded to obtuse, sometimes acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent throughout or abaxially. <b>Peduncles</b> 2–7 cm, glabrous or pubescent, bracteoles usually above middle in chasmogamous flowers. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals ovate-lanceolate, margins ciliate or eciliate, auricles 1–2 mm; petals lilac, violet, or deep purple on both surfaces, sometimes nearly white, lowest dark violet-veined, lateral 2 bearded or beardless, lowest 12–15 mm, spur same color as petals, gibbous, 1–2 mm; style head beardless; cleistogamous flowers on ascending peduncles. <b>Capsules</b> ellipsoid, 5–10 mm, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b> beige, 1.4–1.6 mm. <b>2n</b> = 24, 36.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Aug.
|habitat=Swamps, bogs, marshes, along streams, mossy wet banks, cool, wet places
|elevation=10–2000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Yukon;Alaska;Colo.;Mich.;Europe;Asia.
|discussion=<p><i>Viola epipsila</i> occurs in small colonies; individual plants are interconnected by stolons.</p><!--
--><p>Variety repens differs from var. epipsila by its smaller size, glabrous, abaxial leaf surfaces (V. B. Baird 1942), acute leaves, and larger flowers (M. Sorsa 1968). When flowering, usually only one or two leaves, rarely more, are present per caudex.</p><!--
--><p>M. Sorsa (1968) noted that diploid plants in British Columbia and Washington differed morphologically from diploid plants in Alaska. J. G. Packer in G. W. Douglas et al. (1989–1994, vol. 3; 1998–2002, vol. 5) wrote that <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> (as subsp. repens) (2n = 24) and <i>V. palustris</i> (2n = 48) intergrade in British Columbia and are often difficult to separate.</p><!--
--><p>The presence of bracteoles above or below the middle of the peduncle has been used to differentiate <i>Viola epipsila</i> from <i>V. palustris</i> (V. B. Baird 1942; M. Sorsa 1968). B. A. Bennett (pers. comm.) reported that both varieties of <i>V. epipsila</i> at ALA collected in Alaska had bracteoles mostly above, but some occur at or below the middle of the peduncle. T. Marcussen and T. Karlsson (2010) stated that bracteoles of <i>V. palustris</i> occur in the middle third of the peduncle.</p><!--
--><p>E. Hultén (1941–1950, vol. 7, 1968) considered <i>Viola palustris</i> synonymous with <i>V. epipsila </i>var.<i> repens</i> (as subsp. repens). He produced maps (Hultén 1968; Hultén and M. Fries 1986) showing the distribution of the taxon extending into the lower 48 states. Variety repens was first reported in the United States by H. E. Ballard (1985) stating that it had been documented in California, South Dakota, and Utah, apparently based on the 1968 map by Hultén, as well as in Michigan, where it is listed as endangered. At present, there is no evidence that <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> occurs in California; M. Sorsa (1968) did not state that <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> occurs in California and recently wrote that she could not say she had identified <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> there (pers. comm.). S. L. Welsh et al. (1987) and N. H. Holmgren (2005d) did not recognize it as occurring in Utah.</p><!--
--><p>The overall situation regarding the <i>Viola palustris</i> complex in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada is complicated by the apparent presence of hybrids between <i>V. epipsila </i>var.<i> repens</i> and <i>V. palustris</i>, as commonly occurs in Europe and northern Asia (M. Sorsa 1968), and possibly with other species in the complex. Sorsa commented that the distinctly acute leaves of <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> set it apart from <i>V. palustris</i>. A review of on-line images of <i></i>var.<i> repens</i> at ALA (http://arctos.database.museum/SpecimenResults.cfm) of specimens collected in Alaska and scans of specimens collected by B. A. Bennett in Yukon show a range of apices from rounded to acute. Because meiosis and the number of chromosomes of V. achyrophora were identical to those of <i></i>var.<i> repens</i>, Sorsa considered V. achyrophora to be a more northerly form of <i></i>var.<i> repens</i>. The <i>V. palustris</i> complex in western North America, which includes <i>V. blanda</i>, <i>V. epipsila </i>var.<i> repens</i>, <i>V. macloskeyi</i>, <i>V. palustris</i>, and <i>V. renifolia</i>, is in need of detailed study.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Viola epipsila var. repens
|authority=(W. Becker) R. J. Little
|rank=variety
|parent rank=species
|synonyms=V. achyrophora
|basionyms=Viola epipsila subsp. repens
|family=Violaceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Aug.
|habitat=Swamps, bogs, marshes, along streams, mossy wet banks, cool, wet places
|elevation=10–2000 m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.W.T.;Nunavut;Ont.;Yukon;Alaska;Colo.;Mich.;Europe;Asia.
|reference=None
|publication title=J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas
|publication year=2010
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V6/V6_218.xml
|genus=Viola
|species=Viola epipsila
|variety=Viola epipsila var. repens
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Viola epipsila]]