View source for Persicaria punctata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Persicaria punctata
|accepted_authority=(Elliott) Small
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. S.E. U.S.,
|place=379. 1903
|year=1903
}}
|common_names=Dotted smartweed;renouée ponctuée
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W
|label=Weedy
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Polygonum punctatum
|authority=Elliott
|rank=species
|publication_title=Sketch Bot. S. Carolina
|publication_place=1: 455. 1817
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum
|authority=Meisner
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum
|authority=(Meisner) Small
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum
|authority=Fassett
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum
|authority=(Meisner) Small
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum
|authority=Fassett
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Polygonum punctatum var. parvum
|authority=Marie-Victorin & Rousseau
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Persicaria;Persicaria sect. Persicaria;Persicaria punctata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Persicaria punctata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 582, 587, 591
|treatment_page=page 586
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual or perennial, 1.5–12 dm; roots also often arising from proximal nodes; rhizomes often present. <b>Stems</b> ascending to erect, branched, without noticeable ribs, glabrous, glandular-punctate. <b>Leaves</b>: ocrea brown, cylindric, (4–)9–18 mm, chartaceous, base inflated, margins truncate, ciliate with bristles 2–11 mm, surface glabrous or strigose, glandular-punctate; petiole 0.1–1 cm, glandular-punctate, leaves sometimes sessile; blade without dark triangular or lunate blotch adaxially, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate or subrhombic, 4–10(–15) × 0.6–2.4 cm, base tapered or cuneate, margins antrorsely strigose, apex acute to acuminate, faces glabrous or scabrous along midveins, glandular-punctate. <b>Inflorescences</b> mostly terminal, sometimes also axillary, erect, interrupted, 50–200 × 4–8 mm; peduncle 30–60 mm, glabrous, glandular-punctate; ocreolae mostly not overlapping, margins mostly ciliate with bristles to 2 mm. <b>Pedicels</b> ascending, 1–4 mm. <b>Flowers</b> 2–6 per ocreate fascicle, homostylous; perianth greenish proximally, white distally, rarely tinged pink, glandular-punctate with punctae ± uniformly distributed, scarcely accrescent; tepals 5, connate ca. 1/3 their length, obovate, 3–3.5 mm, veins prominent or not, not anchor-shaped, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded; stamens 6–8, included; anthers pink or red, elliptic to ovate; styles 2–3, connate proximally. <b>Achenes</b> included or apex exserted, brownish black, usually 3-gonous, rarely biconvex, (1.8–)2.2–3.2 × 1.5–2.2 mm, shiny, smooth. <b>2n</b> = 44.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Nov.
|habitat=Shallow water, shores, marshes, floodplain forests
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;West Indies (Puerto Rico);Central America (Guatemala);South America (Brazil);Pacific Islands (Hawaii).
|discussion=<p>N. C. Fassett (1949) proposed a complicated classification for <i>Persicaria punctata</i> with 12 varieties in North America and South America. He also identified numerous specimens that he considered to be morphologically intermediate between various varieties. M. Dalci (1972) documented a wide range of phenotypic and genotypic variation throughout the range of <i>P. punctata</i> and extensive overlap in many of the features used by Fassett to distinguish varieties. Consequently, recognition of varieties does not seem warranted. <i>Persicaria punctata</i> and its close relatives <i>P. robustior</i> and <i>P. glabra</i> are unique among native North American smartweeds in possessing complex glands called valvate chambers in their epidermises. <i>Persicaria punctata</i> is confused most frequently with <i>P. hydropiper</i>; the achenes are diagnostic.</p><!--
--><p>The Chippewa, Houma, and Iroquois prepared decoctions from leaves, flowers, and roots for use as analgesics as well as gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and psychological aids (D. E. Moerman 1998).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=fassett1949a
|text=Fassett, N. C. 1949. The variations of Polygonum punctatum. Brittonia 6: 369–393.
}}
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Persicaria punctata
|authority=(Elliott) Small
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Polygonum acre var. leptostachyum;Polygonum punctatum var. confertiflorum;Polygonum punctatum var. ellipticum;Polygonum punctatum var. leptostachyum;Polygonum punctatum var. parviflorum;Polygonum punctatum var. parvum
|basionyms=Polygonum punctatum
|family=Polygonaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–Nov.
|habitat=Shallow water, shores, marshes, floodplain forests
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=B.C.;Man.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Ala.;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;Mexico;West Indies (Puerto Rico);Central America (Guatemala);South America (Brazil);Pacific Islands (Hawaii).
|reference=fassett1949a
|publication title=Fl. S.E. U.S.,
|publication year=1903
|special status=Weedy;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1197.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Persicaria
|section=Persicaria sect. Persicaria
|species=Persicaria punctata
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Persicaria sect. Persicaria]]