View source for Fagopyrum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Fagopyrum
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|place=4, vol. 1. 1754
|year=1754
}}
|common_names=Buckwheat;sarrasin
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Polygonaceae;Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae;Fagopyrum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Polygonaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Fagopyrum]]</div></div>
|etymology=Latin fagus, beech, and Greek pyrus, wheat, alluding to resemblance of the achene to a beech-nut
|volume=Volume 5
|mention_page=page 216, 217, 218, 479, 480
|treatment_page=page 572
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual; taprooted. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, glabrous or puberulent. <b>Leaves</b> deciduous, cauline, alternate, petiolate (proximal leaves) or sessile (distal leaves); ocrea persistent or deciduous, chartaceous; petiole base articulated; blade cordate, triangular, hastate, or sagittate, margins entire to sinuate. <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Inflorescences</b> axillary, or terminal and axillary, racemelike or paniclelike, pedunculate. <b>Flowers</b> bisexual or, rarely, bisexual and staminate on same plant, 2–6 per ocreate fascicle, heterostylous or homostylous, base stipelike; perianth nonaccrescent, white, pale pink, or green, broadly campanulate, glabrous; tepals 5, distinct, petaloid, dimorphic, outer smaller than inner; stamens 8; filaments distinct, free, glabrous; anthers white, pink, or red, oval to elliptic; styles 3, reflexed, distinct; stigmas capitate. <b>Achenes</b> strongly exserted, brown to dark brown or gray, sometimes mottled black, unwinged or essentially so, bluntly to sharply 3-gonous, glabrous. <b>Seeds</b>: embryo folded. <b>x</b> = 8.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Eurasia;e Africa;introduced elsewhere;cultivated in temperate regions worldwide.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Species 16 (2 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p><i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> and <i>F. tataricum</i> are cultivated widely. In North America, they often escape, but populations generally are ephemeral.</p><!--
--><p>Archaeological evidence for the cultivation of buckwheat dates to 4600 bp in China and 3500 bp in Japan (O. Ohnishi 1998). Molecular studies indicate that <i>Fagopyrum</i> comprises two major clades, with <i>F. esculentum</i> and <i>F. tataricum</i> in the large-fruited “cymosum” group (O. Ohnishi and Y. Matsuoka 1996; Y. Yasui and O. Ohnishi 1998, 1998b; O. Ohsako and O. Ohnishi 2000).</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=ohnishi1996a
|text=Ohnishi, O. and Y. Matsuoka. 1996. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat II. Taxonomy of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on morphology, isozymes and cpDNA variability. Genes Genet. Systems 71: 383–390.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ohnishi1998a
|text=Ohnishi, O. 1998. Search for the wild ancestor of buckwheat III. The wild ancestor of cultivated common buckwheat, and of Tartary buckwheat. Econ. Bot. 52: 123–133.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=ohsako2000a
|text=Ohsako, T. and O. Ohnishi. 2000. Intra- and interspecific phylogeny of wild Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species based on nucleotide sequences of noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA. Amer. J. Bot. 87: 573–582.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=yasui1998a
|text=Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998. Phylogenetic relationships among Fagopyrum species revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear rRNA gene. Genes Genet. Systems 73: 201–210.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=yasui1998b
|text=Yasui, Y. and O. Ohnishi. 1998b. Interspecific relationships in Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) revealed by the nucleotide sequences of the rbcL and accD genes and their intergenic region. Amer. J. Bot. 85: 1134–1142.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Achene faces smooth, angles smooth; tepals (2.5-)3-5 mm; perianths, creamy white topale pink; inflorescences paniclelike, 1-4 cm, terminal and axillary
|[[Fagopyrum esculentum|Fagopyrum esculentum]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Achene faces irregularly rugose, angles often sinuate-dentate; tepals 1.5-3 mm; perianths,green with whitish margins; inflorescences racemelike, 2-10 cm, axillary
|[[Fagopyrum tataricum|Fagopyrum tataricum]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Fagopyrum
|author=Harold R. Hinds†;Craig C. Freeman
|authority=Miller
|rank=genus
|parent rank=subfamily
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Polygonaceae
|illustrator=Yevonn Wilson-Ramsey
|illustration copyright=Flora of North America Association
|distribution=Eurasia;e Africa;introduced elsewhere;cultivated in temperate regions worldwide.
|introduced=true
|reference=ohnishi1996a;ohnishi1998a;ohsako2000a;yasui1998a;yasui1998b
|publication title=Gard. Dict. Abr. ed.
|publication year=1754
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V5/V5_1172.xml
|subfamily=Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae
|genus=Fagopyrum
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae]]