View source for Lilium columbianum

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lilium columbianum
|accepted_authority=Leichtlin ex Duchartre
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=J. Soc. Centr. Hort. France, sér.
|place=2, 5: 98. 1871
|year=1871
}}
|common_names=Columbia lily
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lilium canadense var. parviflorum
|authority=Hooker
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lilium lucidum
|authority=Kellogg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Lilium parviflorum
|authority=(Hooker) Holzinger
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Liliaceae;Lilium;Lilium columbianum
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Liliaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lilium]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Lilium columbianum]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 175, 176, 177, 184, 186
|treatment_page=page 185
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Bulbs </b>variable, subrhizomatous to ± ovoid, 3.1–8.1 × 3.6–10.6 cm, 0.3–1.4 times taller than long; scales 2–3(–5)-segmented, some unsegmented, longest 3.1–7.3 cm; stem roots absent. <b>Stems</b> to 1.7 m, glaucous or not. <b>Buds</b> rounded in cross section. <b>Leaves</b> in 1–9 whorls or partial whorls, 3–25 leaves per whorl, usually ascending, 1.7–15.7 × 0.4–4.7 cm, 2.4–7.4 times longer than wide; blade weakly oblanceolate to obovate or ± elliptic, margins usually somewhat undulate, apex acute; veins and margins ± smooth abaxially. <b>Inflorescences</b> racemose, 1–25(–45)-flowered. <b>Flowers</b> pendent to nodding, not fragrant; perianth Turk’s-cap-shaped; sepals and petals reflexed 2/5–1/2 along length from base, yellow or orange to occasionally red, with copious maroon spots, often darker and especially reddish abaxially, not distinctly clawed; sepals not ridged abaxially, appearing wide for their length, 3.4–7.1 × 0.8–1.9 cm; petals 3.5–6.9 × 0.8–1.9 cm; stamens barely to moderately exserted; filaments moderately spreading, diverging 10°–20° from axis; anthers pale yellow to yellow, 0.5–1.3 cm; pollen orange or yellow; pistil 2.4–3.7 cm; ovary 1.1–2.2 cm; style green; pedicel 2.8–20.2 cm. <b>Capsules</b> 2.2–5.4 × 1.1–2 cm, 1.7–3.3 times longer than wide. <b>Seeds</b> 135–330. <b>2n</b> = 24.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer (early May–early Aug).
|habitat=Coastal scrub and prairies, meadows, conifer or mixed forests, clearings, roadsides
|elevation=0–1800 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.
|discussion=<p>The author citations often seen for this species derive from Baker (1874), who published the name as <i>Lilium columbianum</i> “Hanson in hort., Leichtlin”; this authority is given by various later writers as Hanson, or Baker, or Hanson ex Baker. However, Ducharte’s (1871) recapitulation of a letter from M. Leichtlin is apparently the first confirmed and valid publication of <i>L. columbianum</i>, and hence that citation is used here.</p><!--
--><p>This widespread lily is rather variable. In California plants the stamens are considerably less exserted than those of plants found farther north. <i>Lilium columbianum</i> may intergrade with <i>L. kelloggii</i> along Highway 199 at the border between California and Oregon; these plants are slightly fragrant, the stamens moderately exserted, and the bulb scales unsegmented. <i>Lilium columbianum</i> hybridizes with <i>L. pardalinum</i> subspp. wigginsii and vollmeri, and extensively with <i>L. occidentale</i> in Oregon.</p><!--
--><p><i>Lilium columbianum</i> is pollinated primarily by rufous hummingbirds [Selasphorus rufus (J. F. Gmelin), family Trochilidae] and to a lesser extent by large butterflies, including the pale swallowtail (Papilio eurymedon Lucas, family Papilionidae).</p><!--
--><p>Native Americans used <i>Lilium columbianum</i> bulbs as a food or peppery condiment, sometimes mixed with meat or salmon roe. For many, it was a staple food (J. Pojar and A. MacKinnon 1994).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lilium columbianum
|authority=Leichtlin ex Duchartre
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Lilium canadense var. parviflorum;Lilium lucidum;Lilium parviflorum
|basionyms=
|family=Liliaceae
|phenology=Flowering summer (early May–early Aug).
|habitat=Coastal scrub and prairies, meadows, conifer or mixed forests, clearings, roadsides
|elevation=0–1800 m
|distribution=B.C.;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Wash.
|reference=None
|publication title=J. Soc. Centr. Hort. France, sér.
|publication year=1871
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_314.xml
|genus=Lilium
|species=Lilium columbianum
}}<!--

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