View source for Bromus diandrus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Bromus diandrus
|accepted_authority=Roth
|publications=
|common_names=Great brome;Ripgut grass
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bromus rigidus var. gussonei
|authority=
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bromus rigidus
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Anisantha diandra
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Poaceae;Poaceae subfam. Pooideae;Poaceae tribe Bromeae;Bromus;Bromus sect. Genea;Bromus diandrus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Poaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Poaceae subfam. Pooideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Poaceae tribe Bromeae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Bromus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Bromus sect. Genea]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Bromus diandrus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 24
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=page 224
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>annual. <b>Culms</b> 20-90 cm, erect or decumbent, puberulent below the panicle. <b>Sheaths</b> softly pilose, hairs often retrorse or spreading; auricles absent; ligules 2-3 mm, glabrous, obtuse, lacerate or erose; blades 3.5-27 cm long, 1-9 mm wide, both surfaces pilose. <b>Panicles</b> 13-25 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, erect to spreading; branches 1-7 cm, stiffly erect to ascending or spreading, with 1 or 2 spikelets. <b>Spikelets</b> 25-70 mm, sides parallel or diverging distally, moderately laterally compressed, with 4-11 florets. <b>Glumes</b> smooth or scabrous, margins hyaline; lower glumes 15-25 mm, 1-3-veined; upper glumes 20-35 mm, 3-5-veined; lemmas 20-35 mm, linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 7-veined, rounded over the midvein, margins hyaline, apices bifid, acuminate, teeth 3-5 mm; awns 30-65 mm, straight, arising 1.5 mm or more below the lemma apices; anthers 0.5-1 mm. <b>2n</b> = 42, 56.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=Wash.;B.C.;Del.;D.C.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Utah;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;N.Y.;N.C.;S.C.;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Okla.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Mass.;Mo.;La.
|discussion=<p><i>Bromus diandrus</i> is native to southern and western Europe. It is now established in North America, where it grows in disturbed ground, waste places, fields, sand dunes, and limestone areas. It occurs from southwestern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico, and eastward to Montana, Colorado, Texas, and scattered locations in the eastern United States. The common name 'ripgut grass' indicates the effect it has on animals if they consume the sharp, long-awned florets of this species.</p><!--
--><p><i>Bromus diandrus</i>, as treated here, includes B. rigidus Roth. Sales (1993) reduced these two taxa to varietal rank, pointing out that the differences between them in panicle morphology and callus and scar shape are subtle enough that identification of many specimens beyond <i>B. diandrus</i> sensu lato is often impossible.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Bromus diandrus
|authority=Roth
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Bromus rigidus var. gussonei;Bromus rigidus;Anisantha diandra
|basionyms=
|family=Poaceae
|illustrator=Cindy Roché
|illustration copyright=Utah State University
|distribution=Wash.;B.C.;Del.;D.C.;Pacific Islands (Hawaii);Utah;N.J.;N.Mex.;Tex.;N.Y.;N.C.;S.C.;Nev.;Va.;Colo.;Md.;Calif.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Okla.;Ariz.;Idaho;Mont.;Oreg.;Mass.;Mo.;La.
|reference=None
|publication title=
|publication year=
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V24/V24_316.xml
|subfamily=Poaceae subfam. Pooideae
|tribe=Poaceae tribe Bromeae
|genus=Bromus
|section=Bromus sect. Genea
|species=Bromus diandrus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Bromus sect. Genea]]