View source for Lindernia

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Lindernia
|accepted_authority=Allioni
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Mélanges Philos. Math. Soc. Roy. Turin
|place=3: 178, plate 5, fig. 1. 1766
|year=1766
}}
|common_names=False-pimpernel;blue moneywort
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Bonnaya
|authority=Link & Otto
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ilysanthes
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=genus
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Vandellia
|authority=P. Browne ex Linnaeus
|rank=genus
}}
|hierarchy=Linderniaceae;Lindernia
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Linderniaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Lindernia]]</div></div>
|etymology=For Franz Balthasar von Lindern, 1682–1755, French botanist and physician
|volume=Volume 17
|mention_page=page 6, 264
|treatment_page=page 353
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or perennials. <b>Stems</b> erect to prostrate, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular. <b>Leaves</b> cauline, or basal and cauline, opposite; petiole present or absent; blade leathery or not, margins entire, remotely toothed, undulate, serrate, or serrulate. <b>Inflorescences</b> terminal, racemelike; bracts present. <b>Flowers</b>: sepals 5, ± connate, calyx radially to bilaterally symmetric, campanulate, not winged, lobes narrowly lanceolate or elliptic to triangular-ovate; petals 5, corolla white or purplish or bluish with darker purple, violet, or blue markings, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate, cylindric, tube 0.3–10 mm, abaxial lobes 3, adaxial 1, emarginate to entire [2-lobed], forming a projecting adaxial lip; stamens 2 or 4, didynamous when 4, abaxial filaments 0 if stamens 2, papillate proximally, glabrous distally, appendage present, adaxial filaments glabrous, appendage absent; staminodes 0 or 2, geniculate, papillate proximally, glabrous distally, appendage present or absent. <b>Capsules</b>: dehiscence septicidal. <b>Seeds</b> 150–600, yellowish gold to reddish gold, cylindric, ellipsoid, oblong, ovoid, or irregularly angled. <b>x</b> = 7, 8, 9.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;tropical and temperate worldwide.
|discussion=<p>Species 30 or ca. 100 (6 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>F. W. Pennell (1935) merged Bonnaya, Ilysanthes, and Vandellia with <i>Lindernia</i>, and most subsequent authors have followed this broad generic concept, including about 100 species, with sections being used to account for the breadth of variation within the genus; for example, D. Q. Lewis (2000) recognized three sections for the North American species. Molecular studies led E. Fischer et al. (2013) to conclude that <i>Lindernia</i> as it has been treated is paraphyletic, and they proposed a new phylogeny of Linderniaceae. In their concept, <i>Lindernia</i> would include 30 species. In particular, this impacts the North American species as follows: <i>L. antipoda</i> = B. antipoda, <i>L. ciliata</i> = <i>B. ciliata</i>, and <i>L. crustacea</i> = <i>Torenia</i> crustacea.</p><!--
--><p><i>Lindernia</i> procumbens (Krocker) Borbás has been reported from North America [F. W. Pennell (1935) as L. pyxidaria Linnaeus; http://plants.usda.gov; and elsewhere] based on specimens that resemble this European species. These reports should be referred to <i>L. dubia</i>, since the specimens examined have the two fertile stamens of <i>L. dubia</i> instead of the four of L. procumbens. <i>Lindernia</i> diffusa (Linnaeus) Wettstein has been reported from South Carolina (http://plants.usda.gov) and Texas (P. J. Mahan, http://www.oldthingsforgotten.com/bearcreekpark/bearcreekpark.htm). The South Carolina report is based on a specimen of <i>L. dubia</i> that had been mislabeled in annotation, and the one from Texas on a misidentification of <i>L. crustacea</i>.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=berger2005a
|text=Berger, B. A. 2005. Character Polymorphism and Taxonomy of the Lindernia dubia Complex (Scrophulariaceae). M.S. thesis. University of Oklahoma.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=lewis2000a
|text=Lewis, D. Q. 2000. A revision of the New World species of Lindernia (Scrophulariaceae). Castanea 65: 93–122.
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 4; sepals connate 1/2–3/4 lengths.
|[[Lindernia crustacea|Lindernia crustacea]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Stamens 2; sepals connate to 1/4 lengths.
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Capsules narrowly lanceoloid to narrowly ellipsoid or cylindric; staminodes without appendages and distal segments.
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade margins shallowly serrate to subentire.
|[[Lindernia antipoda|Lindernia antipoda]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Leaf blade margins sharply aristate-serrate.
|[[Lindernia ciliata|Lindernia ciliata]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Capsules ellipsoid, ovoid, or subglobular; staminodes with appendages and distal segments.
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems repent or prostrate, matted; distal leaves well developed or slightly reduced; leaf blades orbiculate, widely elliptic, or widely ovate.
|[[Lindernia grandiflora|Lindernia grandiflora]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, not matted; distal leaves well developed or much reduced; leaf blades spatulate, oblanceolate, obovate, elliptic, ovate, lanceolate, or linear-subulate.
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Perennials; leaves basal and cauline or, rarely, basal leaves absent, thick, leathery.
|[[Lindernia monticola|Lindernia monticola]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Annuals; leaves cauline, thin, not leathery.
|[[Lindernia dubia|Lindernia dubia]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Lindernia
|author=Deborah Q. Lewis
|authority=Allioni
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=Bonnaya;Ilysanthes;Vandellia
|basionyms=
|family=Linderniaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Central America;South America;Europe;Asia;Africa;Pacific Islands;Australia;tropical and temperate worldwide.
|reference=berger2005a;lewis2000a
|publication title=Mélanges Philos. Math. Soc. Roy. Turin
|publication year=1766
|special status=
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V17/V17_67.xml
|genus=Lindernia
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Linderniaceae]]