View source for Rosa virginiana

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Rosa virginiana
|accepted_authority=Miller
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|place=8, Rosa no. 10. 1768
|year=1768
}}
|common_names=Virginia rose;rosier de Virginie
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Rosa lucida
|authority=Ehrhart
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. lucida var. lamprophylla
|authority=(Rehder) P. V. Heath
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=R. nanella
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae;Rosaceae tribe Roseae;Rosa;Rosa subg. Rosa;Rosa sect. Rosa;Rosa virginiana
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Roseae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Rosa subg. Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Rosa sect. Rosa]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Rosa virginiana]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 95, 96, 101, 103
|treatment_page=page 100
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs,</b> forming dense thickets and hedge clusters. <b>Stems</b> erect to ascending, (2–)10–30 dm, densely branched; bark red to purplish red, glabrous; infrastipular prickles paired or single, usually curved, sometimes erect, or declined, appressed, stout, 6–10 × 4–10 mm, base glabrous, internodal prickles or aciculi rare, smaller, sometimes absent. <b>Leaves</b> 5–8(–11) cm; stipules 14–25 × 4–9 mm, auricles flared, 3–5 mm, margins undulate, irregularly glandular-serrate, surfaces glabrous, eglandular; petiole and rachis sometimes with pricklets and aciculi, glabrous, puberulent, or sparsely pubescent, stipitate-glandular; leaflets 5–7(–9), terminal: petiolule 6–14 mm, blade narrowly elliptic to ovate, 17–32 × 6–16 mm, membranous, base cuneate, margins 1–2-serrate, teeth 10–18(–23) per side, gland-tipped or eglandular, apex acute, sometimes obtuse, abaxial surfaces pale green, glabrous or pubescent, eglandular, adaxial deep green, turning purplish red in fall, lustrous, glabrous. <b>Inflorescences</b> corymbs, 1–6(–15)-flowered. <b>Pedicels</b> erect, slender to stout, 7–14(–25) mm, glabrous, sparsely to densely stipitate-glandular; bracts 2, broadly lanceolate, 16–25 × 4–6 mm, margins entire, sometimes serrate, gland-tipped, surfaces glabrous with few hairs, eglandular. <b>Flowers</b> 4.3–5.5 cm diam.; hypanthium subglobose or depressed-globose, sometimes globose, 3.5–5.5 × 5.5–6.5 mm, glabrous, stipitate-glandular, neck absent; sepals spreading or reflexed, lanceolate, 20–40 × 2.5–4 mm, tip 6–12 × 0.5–2 mm, margins usually pinnatifid, rarely entire, inner 2 usually entire, abaxial surfaces glabrous, densely stipitate- or setose-glandular; petals single, pink to deep rose, rarely white, 22–26 × 25–30 mm; stamens 140; carpels 26–40(–65), styles exsert 1–2.5 mm beyond stylar orifice (1.5–3 mm diam.) of hypanthial disc (3–5 mm diam.). <b>Hips</b> orange-red to red or red-black, globose to depressed-globose, 8–12 × 9–13 mm, fleshy, glabrous, stipitate-glandular, neck absent; sepals deciduous, erect. <b>Achenes</b> mostly basal, fewer basiparietal, 8–14, tan, 3–4 × 1.5–3.5 mm. <b>2n</b> = 28.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Jun–early Aug.
|habitat=Grasslands, woods, cliffs, maritime heathlands and grasslands, ditches, old fields, edges of wet spruce woods, rocky ledges, damp thickets, swamps, streams, shores
|elevation=0–200 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Va.;introduced in Europe (Austria;France;Great Britain).
|discussion=<p><i>Rosa virginiana</i> is primarily coastal from Newfoundland to New Jersey. Distribution extends inland along estuaries and streams for relatively short distances or, rarely, outlying populations as in central New York (glacial lakes of Green Lakes State Park). Some collections from the District of Columbia and adjacent Virginia are <i>R. carolina</i> × <i>R. virginiana</i>, indicating that at one time, the hybrid and both parents existed in the region.</p><!--
--><p>Disjunct introductions of <i>Rosa virginiana</i> are found along railroads, highways, and ports. The species is introduced in Ontario, eastern Michigan, and Virginia.</p><!--
--><p><i>Rosa virginiana</i> Miller was conserved over <i>R. virginiana</i> Herrmann in 2011 (W. H. Lewis 2008b).</p><!--
--><p>Shrubs of <i>Rosa virginiana</i> form thickets and hedge clusters having erect, stout stems that densely branch, and in Newfoundland reach to six feet tall. These are armed with stout and relatively long infrastipular prickles, erect or curved and broad-based. Leaflets are lustrous adaxially, stipule widths are 4–9 mm, and sepal lengths are 20–40 mm; these traits differentiate <i>R. virginiana</i> from the closely allied <i>R. carolina</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The majority of plants determined as <i>Rosa virginiana</i> from the Allegheny and Appalachian mountains (for example, in West Virginia) and from the Midwest (for example, Indiana) are <i>R. carolina </i>subsp.<i> subserrulata</i>. In the eastern United States, putative hybrids and their introgressants with <i>R. carolina </i>subsp.<i> carolina</i> occur from Massachusetts to New Jersey and, rarely, south or north of these states. These are the nothospecies R. ×novae-angliae W. H. Lewis.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Rosa virginiana
|authority=Miller
|rank=species
|parent rank=section
|synonyms=Rosa lucida;R. lucida var. lamprophylla;R. nanella
|basionyms=
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering Jun–early Aug.
|habitat=Grasslands, woods, cliffs, maritime heathlands and grasslands, ditches, old fields, edges of wet spruce woods, rocky ledges, damp thickets, swamps, streams, shores
|elevation=0–200 m
|distribution=St. Pierre and Miquelon;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.);N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;Pa.;R.I.;Va.;introduced in Europe (Austria;France;Great Britain).
|reference=None
|publication title=Gard. Dict. ed.
|publication year=1768
|special status=Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_146.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Rosoideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Roseae
|genus=Rosa
|subgenus=Rosa subg. Rosa
|section=Rosa sect. Rosa
|species=Rosa virginiana
}}<!--

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