View source for Crassula

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crassula
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 282. 1753
|year=1753
}}, {{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gen. Pl. ed.
|place=5, 136. 1754 ,
}}
|common_names=Pygmyweed;Latin crassus;thick;and
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Crassulaceae;Crassula
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Crassulaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crassula]]</div></div>
|etymology=ula, diminutive, alluding to leaves
|volume=Volume 8
|mention_page=page 149, 151
|treatment_page=page 150
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs </b>[shrubs], annual or perennial, aquatic or terrestrial, not viviparous, 0.1–5 dm, glabrous [pubescent]. <b>Stems</b> erect, decumbent, or spreading, simple or branching, succulent. <b>Leaves</b> persistent or deciduous, cauline, opposite, sessile, connate basally; blade ovate, oblong, triangular to lanceolate or oblanceolate, or linear, laminar, 0.1–7 cm, fleshy, base not spurred, margins entire, with glands (hydathodes) in submarginal rows [scattered]; veins not conspicuous. <b>Inflorescences</b> thyrses or panicles [solitary flowers] in axils of leaves (flowers clustered when distal leaves smaller and crowded). <b>Pedicels</b> present. <b>Flowers</b> erect, 3–4(–5)-merous; sepals connate basally, all alike; petals spreading or recurved, distinct [connate], whitish; calyx and corolla not circumscissile in fruit; nectaries linear [various]; stamens as many as sepals; filaments free; pistils spreading to erect, distinct; ovary base rounded; styles 2+ times shorter than ovary. <b>Fruits</b> slightly recurved or ascending to erect. <b>Seeds</b> oblong or ellipsoid to reniform, ridged, sometimes also papillate. <b>x</b> = 8 (secondarily 7).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Atlantic Islands;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|discussion=<p>Bulliarda de Candolle; Tillaea Linnaeus; Tillaeastrum Britton</p><!--
--><p>Species ca. 250 (11 in the flora).</p><!--
--><p>Before A. Berger (1930) included Tillaea in <i>Crassula</i>, most American authors kept it a separate genus. Although I have argued for keeping it in <i>Crassula</i> (R. V. Moran 1992b), the matter is not closed. Based on studies still in progress, H. ’t Hart (1995) again separated Tillaea, but with data from only one species. E. J. Van Jaarsveld (2004) treated Tillaea as a synonym of <i>Crassula</i>.</p><!--
--><p>The annual species of <i>Crassula</i> fall into two sections. In sect. Glomeratae, flowers are solitary in leaf axils, with two flowers per leaf pair. In much-branched plants with leaves often smaller and crowded skyward, the greater part of the plant may fairly be called a thyrse. In sect. Helophytum, flowers seem again to be in leaf axils but for only one leaf of each pair; in fact, they are terminal, each flower ending one section of the sympodial axis (R. V. Moran 1992b, fig. 4). H. Merxmüller et al. (1971, fig. 2) suggested that Tillaea (in the broad sense of H. ’t Hart 1995) may be biphyletic; if these annuals are separated from <i>Crassula</i>, then, it may be best to recognize two genera, Tillaea for sect. Glomeratae and Tillaeastrum for sect. Helophytum.</p><!--
--><p>In some species, the aquatic phase may look quite different from the stranded phase, and these flimsy plants make unrevealing dried specimens. In treating the American species, M. Bywater and G. E. Wickens (1984) made good use of seed-coat structure, as shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs filed with specimens they studied (as of UC). They showed that the cells of the testa are in a jigsaw pattern, with more or less interlocking lobes. In <i>Crassula connata</i> and <i>C. tillaea</i>, the cell lobes are rounded, the surface smooth or minutely rugulose; <i>C. aquatica</i> has rounded, interlocking lobes with a minutely rugulose surface; <i>C. longipes</i> cell lobes are triangular, the surface rugulose; <i>C. solieri</i> cell lobes are triangular, the surface wax-covered; <i>C. viridis</i> has cell lobes rounded, surface rugose; <i>C. drummondii</i> has cell lobes triangular, surface smooth. My treatment here is based largely on theirs, with some changes from R. V. Moran (1992b). Without SEM, many specimens are hard to identify, and there is still much to learn.</p><!--
--><p>Many perennial African species of <i>Crassula</i> are grown in American collections, and some are planted outdoors in warm climates. The large, shrubby <i>C. obovata</i> Haworth and the subshrubby <i>C. tetragona</i> persist about trash heaps and old gardens in California and seem on the borderline of escaping captivity; all perennial species in the flora are introduced.</p>
|tables=
|references={{Treatment/Reference
|id=bywater1984a
|text=Bywater, M. and G. E. Wickens. 1984. New World species of the genus Crassula. Kew Bull. 39: 699–728.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=jaarsveld2003a
|text=Jaarsveld, E. J. 2003. Crassula. In: U. Eggli, ed. 2003. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants. Crassulaceae. New York. Pp. 32–84.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=merxmuller1971a
|text=Merxmüller, H., H. C. Friedrich, and J. Grau. 1971. Cytotaxonomische Untersuchungen zur Gattungsstruktur von Crassula. Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 75: 111–119.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=moran1992a
|text=Moran, R. V. 1992b. Pygmyweed (Crassula connata) etc. in western North America. Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64: 223–231.
}}{{Treatment/Reference
|id=toelken1977a
|text=Toelken, H. R. 1977. A revision of the genus Crassula in southern Africa. Contr. Bolus Herb. 8. Van
}}
}}<!--

--><div class="treatment-key">
==Key==
<div class="treatment-key-group">
  
{| class="wikitable fna-keytable"
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants perennial
|[[#key-0-2| > 2]]
|-id=key-0-1
|1
|Plants annual
|[[#key-0-4| > 4]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades linear to triangular; flowers 5-merous.
|[[Crassula tetragona|Crassula tetragona]]
|-id=key-0-2
|2
|Leaf blades obovate to broadly elliptic; flowers 4-merous
|[[#key-0-3| > 3]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pedicels 8-12 mm; petals oblong-lanceolate, ca. 10 mm.
|[[Crassula argentea|Crassula argentea]]
|-id=key-0-3
|3
|Pedicels 3-8 mm; petals narrowly triangular, 3-4 mm.
|[[Crassula multicava|Crassula multicava]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers (1-)2 per node; sepals slightly shorter than, equaling, or exceeding petals, apex acute to attenuate or acuminate; follicles 1-2-seeded, old follicles boat-shaped, ascending; plants terrestrial
|[[#key-0-5| > 5]]
|-id=key-0-4
|4
|Flowers 1 per node; sepals ca. 1/2 as long as petals, apex rounded to obtuse; follicles 6-17-seeded, old follicles flat, spreading; plants often aquatic, sometimes becoming stranded
|[[#key-0-7| > 7]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals usually 3, 1-1.5 mm, apex attenuate, apiculate; petals 0.5-1 mm.
|[[Crassula tillaea|Crassula tillaea]]
|-id=key-0-5
|5
|Sepals usually 4 or 5, 0.5-2 mm, apex acute to acuminate or mucronate; petals 0.6-1.5 mm
|[[#key-0-6| > 6]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals (3-)4, apex acute to acuminate
|[[Crassula connata|Crassula connata]]
|-id=key-0-6
|6
|Sepals 5, apex mucronate.
|[[Crassula colligata|Crassula colligata]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seeds papillate
|[[#key-0-8| > 8]]
|-id=key-0-7
|7
|Seeds not papillate
|[[#key-0-9| > 9]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades linear, 3-12 mm, apex narrowly acute or attenuate; seeds 0.4-0.6 mm; mountains, Arizona, Idaho.
|[[Crassula viridis|Crassula viridis]]
|-id=key-0-8
|8
|Leaf blades narrow-lanceolate, 1.5-3 mm, apex obtuse; seeds 0.2-0.5 mm; often near sea level, Colorado, Kansas, South Carolina, Texas.
|[[Crassula drummondii|Crassula drummondii]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Follicles erect, oblong; sepals ovate to oblong, 0.5-1.5 mm
|[[Crassula aquatica|Crassula aquatica]]
|-id=key-0-9
|9
|Follicles ascending, obliquely lanceolate; sepals triangular-ovate to lanceolate, 0.4-1 mm
|[[#key-0-10| > 10]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Seeds 0.2-0.4 mm, dull, rugulose.
|[[Crassula longipes|Crassula longipes]]
|-id=key-0-10
|10
|Seeds 0.3-0.6 mm, shiny, smooth.
|[[Crassula solieri|Crassula solieri]]
|}
</div></div><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crassula
|author=Reid V. Moran
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=genus
|parent rank=family
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Crassulaceae
|distribution=North America;Mexico;West Indies;Bermuda;Central America;South America;Eurasia;s Africa;Atlantic Islands;Indian Ocean Islands;Pacific Islands;Australia.
|reference=bywater1984a;jaarsveld2003a;merxmuller1971a;moran1992a;toelken1977a
|publication title=Sp. Pl.;Gen. Pl. ed.
|publication year=1753;
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V8/V8_299.xml
|genus=Crassula
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Crassulaceae]]