View source for Populus trichocarpa

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Populus trichocarpa
|accepted_authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Icon. Pl.
|place=9: plate 878. 1852
|year=1852
}}
|common_names=Black cottonwood;baumier de l’ouest
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa
|authority=(Torrey & A. Gray) Brayshaw
|rank=subspecies
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Populus trichocarpa var. ingrata
|authority=(Jepson) Parish
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Salicaceae;Populus;Populus trichocarpa
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Salicaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Populus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Populus trichocarpa]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 7
|mention_page=page 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
|treatment_page=page 13
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>to 75 m, 26 dm diam.; moderately heterophyllous. <b>Bark</b> grayish brown, deeply furrowed. <b>Branchlets</b> reddish brown, becoming gray by third year, round, 1.5–3(–7) mm diam., coarse, usually densely hairy. <b>Winter</b> buds red, sparsely hairy or glabrous, resinous (resin red, abundant, very fragrant); terminal buds 8–15(–20) mm; flowering buds clustered distally on branchlets, 18–20 mm. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole cylindrical or distally slightly flattened in plane of blade (often markedly swollen distally), 1–5(–9.5) cm, 1/2 blade length, (glabrous or sparsely pubescent); blade usually triangular-ovate or narrowly ovate to cordate, (3–)5–9(–15) × (1–)2.5–6(–10) cm, w/l = 1/2–2/3, base rounded to cordate, basilaminar glands 0–2, round, margins not translucent, not ciliate, apex obtuse to acute, abaxial surface white to grayish white or greenish white with red resin stains, sparsely pubescent, adaxial dark green, glabrous; preformed blade margins very finely, evenly crenate-serrate throughout, teeth (20–)35–40(–50) on each side, sinuses 0.1–0.4 mm deep; neoformed blade margins finely, evenly crenate-serrate throughout, teeth (25–)40–60 on each side, sinuses 0.2–0.6 mm deep. <b>Catkins</b> densely (10–)25–50(–90)-flowered, (4.5–)7–10(–17 in fruit) cm; floral bract apex deeply cut, not ciliate. <b>Pedicels</b> 0.5–2.5(–3 in fruit) mm. <b>Flowers</b>: discs broadly cup-shaped, not obviously oblique, entire, 4–6 mm diam.; stamens 30–50(–60); anthers truncate; ovary 3- or 4-carpelled, spherical, (hairy); stigmas 2–4, platelike, expanded, spreading. <b>Capsules</b> spherical, (6–)7–9 mm, densely hairy to glabrate, 3- or 4-valved. <b>Seeds</b> (6–)10–15(–19) per placenta. <b>2n</b> = 38.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering early spring.
|habitat=Floodplains, lake margins, mesic areas, taluses and other slopes to subalpine tree line
|elevation=0-2600(-3000) m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Alaska;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Mexico (Baja California).
|discussion=<p><i>Populus trichocarpa</i> has been mistakenly reported from North Dakota based on specimens of P. ×jackii (<i>P. balsamifera</i> × <i>P. deltoides</i>). It hybridizes with <i>P. balsamifera</i> to form P. ×hastata Dode along the northern Rocky Mountain axis (Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, and Idaho). Hybrids have capsules with 2–4 glabrous or sparsely hairy valves. The extent of hybridization has led to treatment of <i>P. trichocarpa</i> as a subspecies of <i>P. balsamifera</i> (T. C. Brayshaw 1965; L. A. Viereck and J. M. Foote 1970); these two balsam poplars are more closely related to Asian members of sect. Tacamahaca than they are to each other (J. E. Eckenwalder 1996). Mountain ranges of the Intermountain Region (California, Idaho, <i>Nevada</i>, Oregon, and Utah) have trees intermediate between <i>P. trichocarpa</i> and <i>P. angustifolia</i>. These hybrids have narrower leaves with shorter petioles and sparsely hairy capsules with 2–3 valves.</p><!--
--><p>In addition to hybridizing with other North American species of sect. Tacamahaca, <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> also hybridizes with both native species of sect. Aigeiros. <i>Populus</i> ×generosa A. Henry (synonym P. ×interamericana van Broekhuizen), a hybrid between <i>P. trichocarpa</i> and <i>P. deltoides</i>, is rare in the far western area of the range for <i>P. deltoides </i>subsp.<i> monilifera</i>, where it overlaps with the more drought-tolerant inland <i>P. trichocarpa</i> (Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming) (J. E. Eckenwalder 1984). This hybrid has also been grown artificially, and such hybrids between coastal <i>P. trichocarpa</i> and <i>P. deltoides </i>subsp.<i> deltoides</i> are becoming increasingly important plantation trees in the Pacific Northwest from northern Oregon to British Columbia, as well as in Europe. They are perhaps the fastest growing of all poplars in volume, with the rapid height growth of <i>P. trichocarpa</i> added to the steady diameter growth of <i>P. deltoides</i> (R. F. Stettler et al. 1988).</p><!--
--><p><i>Populus</i> ×parryi Sargent, a hybrid between <i>P. trichocarpa</i> and <i>P. fremontii</i>, is commonly found in a wide variety of mesic habitats throughout the region of sympatry between its parents in California and <i>Nevada</i> (and beyond the range of <i>P. trichocarpa</i> in Mohave County, Arizona; J. E. Eckenwalder 1992). It can be found particularly in canyons where its parents are elevationally separated but overlap as permanent streams spill out into lower elevations (Eckenwalder 1984, 1984b). A morphologically and ecologically distinctive race of <i>P. trichocarpa</i> in coastal southern California with heart-shaped leaves may have arisen through this kind of hybridization (Eckenwalder 1984c). This race includes the type of <i>P. trichocarpa</i> from Ventura County.</p><!--
--><p><i>Populus</i> maximowiczii A. Henry is an Asian balsam poplar that is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental, but usually as a plantation tree or parent of plantation hybrids. It is distinguished from <i>P. trichocarpa</i> and <i>P. balsamifera</i> by its elliptic leaves with rugose adaxial surfaces.</p>
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|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Populus trichocarpa
|authority=Torrey & A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa;Populus trichocarpa var. ingrata
|basionyms=
|family=Salicaceae
|phenology=Flowering early spring.
|habitat=Floodplains, lake margins, mesic areas, taluses and other slopes to subalpine tree line
|elevation=0-2600(-3000) m
|distribution=Alta.;B.C.;Alaska;Calif.;Idaho;Mont.;Nev.;Oreg.;Utah;Wash.;Wyo.;Mexico (Baja California).
|reference=None
|publication title=Icon. Pl.
|publication year=1852
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V7/V7_4.xml
|genus=Populus
|species=Populus trichocarpa
}}<!--

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