View source for Crataegus calpodendron

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Crataegus calpodendron
|accepted_authority=(Ehrhart) Medikus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Gesch. Bot.,
|place=83. 1793
|year=1793
}}
|common_names=Late or pear hawthorn
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Mespilus calpodendron
|authority=Ehrhart
|rank=species
|publication_title=Beitr. Naturk.
|publication_place=2: 67. 1788
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Crataegus calpodendron var. globosa
|authority=(Sargent) E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. calpodendron var. hispidula
|authority=(Sargent) E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. calpodendron var. microcarpa
|authority=(Chapman) E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. calpodendron var. mollicula
|authority=(Sargent) E. J. Palmer
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. globosa
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. hispidula
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. insperata
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. mollicula
|authority=Sargent
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. mollita
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. obscura
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. scabera
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. spinulosa
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=C. tomentosa var. microcarpa
|authority=Chapman
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Rosaceae;Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae;Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae;Crataegus;Crataegus sect. Macracanthae;Crataegus (sect. Macracanthae) ser. Macracanthae;Crataegus calpodendron
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Rosaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subfamily</small>[[Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Crataegus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>section</small>[[Crataegus sect. Macracanthae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>series</small>[[Crataegus (sect. Macracanthae) ser. Macracanthae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Crataegus calpodendron]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 9
|mention_page=page 516, 518, 539, 639, 643
|treatment_page=page 517
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Shrubs </b>or trees, usually multi-stemmed, 50–70 dm. <b>Stems</b>: twigs: new growth golden brown, appressed-pubescent, 1-year old brown to grayish brown, 2-years old gray-brown, older ± pale gray; thorns on twigs absent or numerous, recurved (if longer), 1-year old shiny, dark brown, older turning gray, slender, 2.5–6 cm. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole length 25–30% blade, narrowly winged most of length, finely pubescent, eglandular; blade ± rhombic or rhombic-narrowly ovate, sometimes suborbiculate, 3–12 cm, thin, base cuneate, lobes 0 or 5–8 per side, sinuses shallow, lobe apex subacute to acute, margins serrate except in proximal 1/4, veins 8 per side, apex usually acute, abaxial surface persistently appressed-pubescent, especially on veins, adaxial scabrate young, glabrous mature. <b>Inflorescences</b> 12–25-flowered; branches densely appressed-pubescent; bracteoles linear, margins stipitate-glandular. <b>Flowers</b> 13–15(–22) mm diam.; hypanthium pubescent; sepals narrowly triangular, length not recorded, margins nearly entire or shallowly glandular-serrate, abaxially pubescent, adaxial pubescence not recorded; stamens 20, anthers usually red, pink, or purple, sometimes white, small; styles 2 or 3. <b>Pomes</b> orange-red to scarlet, ellipsoid to sometimes orbicular, (5–)7–9(–10) mm diam., pubescent; flesh soft; sepals reflexed or spreading; pyrenes 2 or 3, sides pitted. <b>2n</b> = 34, 51.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woods, brush, field margins
|elevation=10–800 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.Y.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Crataegus calpodendron</i> is most common in the northern and Appalachian part of its range, where it is more likely to grow in the open (shrubs to 50 dm); in the southern part of its range, it is often in shaded habitats (trees to 70 dm). The distinctive vase-shaped branching pattern of well-grown northern <i>C. calpodendron</i> makes it easily distinguished even in winter, the lack of a central dominant trunk and the arching side trunks being characteristic. In open areas in the northern part of its range, mature leaves of <i>C. calpodendron</i> are often somewhat coriaceous and keeled along the midvein. In the south, the leaves remain thin until maturity. It is the second latest native hawthorn to flower, usually mid June (north) and early May (south, for example, central Alabama).</p><!--
--><p>Vegetatively, distinction between <i>Crataegus calpodendron</i> and <i>C. succulenta</i> or <i>C. macracantha</i> is best supported by the more strongly impressed leaf venation, usually glabrous abaxial leaf surfaces, dark purple-brown, shiny, one-year twigs, and often longer and stouter thorns in the latter.</p><!--
--><p><i>Crataegus calpodendron</i> is variable in branching pattern, indumentum, and leaf and fruit shapes. Examination of a large number of specimens does not reveal discontinuities between leaf shapes, neither do these shapes correlate with the varieties hitherto recognized primarily on fruit characteristics. In general, <i>C. calpodendron</i> in the narrow sense, <i>C. globosa</i>, C. mollicula, and C. mollita represent forms with narrower, rhombic-elliptic, less deeply incised leaves with somewhat blunter lobes and teeth; C. hispidula, C. insperata, and C. obscura represent forms with nearly isodiametric leaves, the deepest and sharpest sinuses, and the biggest and sharpest teeth; C. scabera and C. spinulosa are intermediate. Smaller leaf and pome sizes are more common in drier or hotter terrain.</p><!--
--><p><i>Crataegus</i> ×rupicola Sargent (synonym of C. harveyana Sargent), from Missouri, represents a form with glands at the base of the leaf and on the petiole and perhaps is not pure calpodendron. <i>Crataegus</i> warneri Sargent from east-central Texas is provisionally placed here, although it could be a hybrid or hybrid derivative of <i>C. calpodendron</i> × <i>C. crus-galli</i> or an odd form of <i>C. ashei</i> with ten stamens and red anthers. <i>Crataegus</i> warneri has broadly ovate leaves 3.5–5 cm and appears to be somewhat xeromorphic; it is distinguishable from other forms of <i>C. calpodendron</i> with similar leaves only by its ten stamens and lack of pitted pyrenes. <i>Crataegus</i> ×simulata Sargent, from Missouri, is a probable hybrid of <i>C. calpodendron</i> with <i>C. reverchonii </i>var.<i> palmeri</i> (as <i>C. palmeri</i>) according to E. J. Palmer (1952). <i>Crataegus ×vailiae</i> is the most convincing hybrid of <i>C. calpodendron</i> (with <i>C. uniflora</i>; see Interserial Hybrids).</p>
|tables=
|references=
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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Crataegus calpodendron
|authority=(Ehrhart) Medikus
|rank=species
|parent rank=series
|synonyms=Crataegus calpodendron var. globosa;C. calpodendron var. hispidula;C. calpodendron var. microcarpa;C. calpodendron var. mollicula;C. globosa;C. hispidula;C. insperata;C. mollicula;C. mollita;C. obscura;C. scabera;C. spinulosa;C. tomentosa var. microcarpa
|basionyms=Mespilus calpodendron
|family=Rosaceae
|phenology=Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct.
|habitat=Open woods, brush, field margins
|elevation=10–800 m
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;Md.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.Y.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Gesch. Bot.,
|publication year=1793
|special status=Endemic
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V9/V9_872.xml
|subfamily=Rosaceae subfam. Amygdaloideae
|tribe=Rosaceae tribe Gillenieae
|genus=Crataegus
|section=Crataegus sect. Macracanthae
|series=Crataegus (sect. Macracanthae) ser. Macracanthae
|species=Crataegus calpodendron
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Crataegus (sect. Macracanthae) ser. Macracanthae]]